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The First Civilizations

CHAPTER 2. The First Civilizations. Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture Section 3: Sumerian Civilization Section 4: Empires of the Fertile Crescent Section 5: The Phoenicians and the Lydians Section 6: The Origins of Judaism. Section 1: .

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The First Civilizations

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  1. CHAPTER 2 The First Civilizations Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture Section 3: Sumerian Civilization Section 4: Empires of the Fertile Crescent Section 5: The Phoenicians and the Lydians Section 6: The Origins of Judaism

  2. Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile Objectives: • Explore how geography affected the development of ancient Egypt. • Identify the events and discoveries that marked the development of Egyptian civilization. • Explain how Egyptian kingdoms developed and why they collapsed.

  3. Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile The Land: Its Geography and Importance • The Nile River • Other natural advantages – farmland, mineral deposits

  4. Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile Early Steps Toward Civilization • Mining metals • Making alloys and pottery • Writing - hieroglyphics

  5. Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile The Egyptian Kingdoms • The Old Kingdom – pharaohs grew weaker and nobles grew stronger • The Middle Kingdom – “golden age” • The New Kingdom – Hatshepsut was one of first known female rulers • Egypt’s decline – Ramses was last great pharaoh

  6. Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture Objectives: • Describe Egyptian achievements in the arts and architecture. • Examine how the Egyptians expressed their religious beliefs. • Explain how farming and trade were carried on in Egypt.

  7. Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture The Achievements of Ancient Egypt • Architecture and the arts – pyramids, sculpture • Science, math, and medicine – calendar, number system and geometry, herbal medicines

  8. Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture Education and Religion • The gods – animal symbols • The afterlife – mummification to preserve body

  9. Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture Society and Economy • Farming – peasants farmed, but pharaohs owned land • Trade – in caravans and by sea

  10. Section 3: Sumerian Civilization Objectives: • Explore how geography affected the development of the Sumerian civilization. • Identify the achievements of the Sumerian people. • Describe what life was like in Sumerian society.

  11. Section 3: Sumerian Civilization The Land: Its Geography and Importance • Fertile Crescent – not isolated • Flood control – society built on cooperation

  12. Section 3: Sumerian Civilization Sumer and Its Achievements • Sumerian writing – cuneiform • Architecture and science – arch, wheel, math

  13. Section 3: Sumerian Civilization Sumerian Society • Government and society – priests, kings, and nobles at top, peasant farmers and slaves at bottom of society • Farming and trade – dates, grains, vegetables, flax for linen, animals • Education and religion – only upper-class males attended school; practiced polytheism

  14. Section 4: Empires of the Fertile Crescent Objectives: • Explain why Sumerians were attacked by outsiders. • Examine the characteristics of Babylonian society. • Investigate which invaders conquered Babylon and why they failed to control it. • Describe the achievements of the Persians.

  15. Section 4: Empires of the Fertile Crescent The Akkadians • From Mesopotamia • Sargon

  16. Section 4: Empires of the Fertile Crescent The Babylonians • Code of Hammurabi – “an eye for an eye” • Babylonian culture – farming, women could own property • Religion – sacrifices

  17. Section 4: Empires of the Fertile Crescent Other Conquerors • The Hittites – laws and government • The Assyrians – first to use cavalry • The Chaldeans – Nebuchadnezzar

  18. Section 4: Empires of the Fertile Crescent The Persians • Government – collected taxes, administered law fairly, built roads • Persian religion – Zoroastrianism, universal struggle between good and evil • The decline of the Persians – kings lacked leadership abilities

  19. Section 5: The Phoenicians and the Lydians Objectives: • Examine how trade influenced Phoenician culture. • Describe how a money economy developed in Lydia.

  20. Section 5: The Phoenicians and the Lydians The Phoenicians • Phoenician trade – lumber, metals, glass blowing, dyeing • Phoenician culture – developed Phoenician alphabet

  21. Section 5: The Phoenicians and the Lydians Lydians • First people to use coined money made of gold and silver

  22. Section 6: The Origins of Judaism Objectives: • Explain how the migrating Hebrews found a homeland. • Explore how religious views affected Hebrew culture.

  23. Section 6: The Origins of Judaism The Hebrews • The Exodus – Moses led Hebrews out of slavery • The Ten Commandments • The founding of Israel – King Saul

  24. Section 6: The Origins of Judaism The Development of Judaism • Law and ethics – Torah • Religion – ethical monotheism

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