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Three- verb clusters in Interference Frisian : a stochastic model

Three- verb clusters in Interference Frisian : a stochastic model. Eric Hoekstra Fryske Akademy , Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Arjen Versloot University of Amsterdam TABU DAG, Groningen, 13-14 june 2013. 2. Order in the verb cluster in Standard Frisian.

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Three- verb clusters in Interference Frisian : a stochastic model

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  1. Three-verb clusters in InterferenceFrisian: a stochastic model Eric HoekstraFryskeAkademy, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Arjen Versloot University of Amsterdam TABU DAG, Groningen, 13-14 june 2013

  2. 2. Order in the verb cluster in Standard Frisian Verb order is head-final (321): Omdat er laitsjewollen hie.because he laughwantedhad

  3. 3. Order in the verb cluster in Standard Dutch Verb order is head-initial (123): Omdat hij had willen lachen.because he had want laugh

  4. 4. InterferenceFrisian (IF) • A variety of Frisian spoken bythosewho have incomplete command of the language: IF is inadequatelyacquiredFrisian • IF speakers have perfect command of Dutch. • IF = Frisianwordswithinfluence of Dutch grammar. • The verb cluster in InterferenceFrisianexhibits orders allowed in neither Standard Frisian nor Standard Dutch.

  5. 5. Each of 6 logicallypossible word orders is deemedgrammaticalbysome speakers (1a) Omdat er laitsjewollen hie. (Frisian order) (1b) Omdat er hiewollen laitsje. (Dutch order) (2a) Omdat er laitsjehie wollen. (2b) Omdat er hielaitsje wollen. (3a) Omdat er wollenhielaitsje. (3b) Omdat er wollenlaitsjehie.

  6. 6. Group 1: ‘Frisian’ or ‘Dutch’ order in InterferenceFrisian (1a) ‘Frisian’ order: 28,4% Omdat er laitsjewollen hie. because he laughwanted had (1b) ‘Dutch’ order: 32,4%Omdat er hiewollen laitsje.because he had want laugh

  7. 7. Group 2 ‘mixed’: onlyverb in Pos1 conforms to Dutch or Frisian (2a) Mixed, Pos1 as in Frisian: 15,7% Omdat er laitsjehiewollen.because he laugh had wanted (2b) Mixed, Pos1 as in Dutch: 15,7% Omdat er hielaitsje wollen.because he had laugh wanted

  8. 8. Group 3: non-finiteaux in pos1 (3a) Head-final start (as in Frisian 2-verb clusters), 2,2% Omdat er wollenhielaitsje. because he wanted had laugh (3b) Head-initial start (as in Dutch 2-verb clusters), 5,5% Omdat er wollenlaitsjehie.because he wantedlaugh had

  9. 9. Percentages foreach word order in IF

  10. 10. The thirdverb: position 3 • Verb order is built up fromleftto right in PF. • The verb in the thirdposition is 100% predictable as soon as the first twopositions have been filled. • Therefore: the keytounderstanding the word order in the verbal cluster must focus on positions 1 and 2.

  11. 11. What is found in position 1: Roughly, half of all clusters beginswithMainVerb, half withFinite Verb.

  12. 12. Cluster types influence the choice of verb in positions 1 and 2 in IF • The order in 3-verb clusters in Frisian. • The order in 3-verb clusters in Dutch. • The order in 2-verb clusters in Frisian. • The order in 2-verb clusters in Dutch. The strength of influencedepends on frequencyandsimilarity:estimated at 25% foreach type.

  13. 13. Verb clusters in IF are affectedbytheirsemanticequivalents in Dutch andFrisian

  14. 14. How large is the influence of each type of cluster? • Influencefrom Dutch roughlyequals the influence of Frisian. • 2-Verb clusters are more frequent than 3-verb clusters. • 3-Verb clusters are more similarto 3-Verb clusters than 2-Verb clusters. • => The influencefrom 2-verb clusters roughlyequals the influencefrom 3-verb clusters.

  15. 15. Choice of pos1 as a probabilitytable.

  16. 16. Pos1: actualandpredicted Thisexplainsthatabout half of the clusters beginswith MV, half with FV.

  17. 17. Pos2 as a probabilitytable Oneverb (MV or FV) alreadyfills pos1, henceonly 3 options leftfor pos2.

  18. 18. Calculating the chance for 4 orders

  19. 19. Cluster: actualandpredicted Correlationmodel-facts: 99%. Explainedvariance: 98%

  20. 20. The remaining orders, AuxNF-initial Where does the auxiliary-first effect (7,7%) comefrom?

  21. 21. Hypo’sfor the Aux-first effect 1. From Dutch 2-verb order: WOU LACHEN (‘wants laugh’)? But: WOU = FINITE, WOLLEN = NON-FINITE, sothere’s low similarity. 2. From the AUX in Pos2 in 3-verb order in Frisianand Dutch? Both involve NON-FINITE VERB, but in different position in IF. => Both? Iftheir joint strength of influence is set at around 5%, we get fairly accurate predictionsfor these Aux-first orders

  22. 22. Robustnessof the model • Whathappensif we playaroundwithourassumptionsabout the strength of influence of Frisianand Dutch, 2-verb and 3-verb clusters? • In the above we assumedanequal share of influenceforFrisianand Dutch, for 2-verb and 3-verb orders.

  23. 23. Model’spredictionsundervaryingassumptions([] = ‘influence of’

  24. 24. Toconclude Order in the 3-verb cluster in IF dependsequally on: * Frisianand Dutch 3-verb clusters * Frisianand Dutch 2-verb clusters Thisexplains the frequencies of 4 out of 6 orders in IF, anditexplainshowthose orders comeintoexistence.

  25. Thankyouforyour attention Eric: ehoekstra@fryske-akademy.nl Arjen: a.p.versloot@uva.nl

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