Tempest Express # 8 Honolulu, Hawaii

1. Multinational Planning Augmentation Team (MPAT) Multinational Force Standing Operating Procedures (MNF SOP) Overview Tempest Express # 8 Honolulu, Hawaii

2. Agenda • MNF SOP Overview Brief • Background Notes • MNF SOP Key Principles • Essential Strategic Guidance • SOP Operational Starting Points • Summary

3. MNF SOP - Background • MNF SOP required to increase multinational crisis response capabilities • Not prescriptive, binding, or directive • Will be left “unsigned” intentionally • Act as “guide” (start point) for multinational operations • Six dedicated MNF SOP Development Workshops have been conducted The MNF SOP belongs to MPAT Nations !! • SOP Objective - Increase multinational force (MNF): • Speed of Initial Response • Interoperability • Overall Mission Effectiveness

4. MNF SOP Focus Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW / SSC) War (MRC & SSC) Combat Operations Noncombat Operations MNF SOP “Focus” Full Scale War Major Regional Conflict (MRC) Not Involving Use or Threat of Force (not inherent in Opns) >Antiterrorism >Disaster Relief >Peace Building >Humanitarian >NEO >Counterdrug >Domestic Support Attack / Defend Blockades Combatting Terrorism Small Scale Contingency (SSC) Use or Threat of Force Inherent in Opns >Peace Enforcement >Strikes/Raids/Show of force >Counterterrorism >Counterinsurgency >Peacekeeping Goal: Fight & Win The Conflict Goal: Deter / Resolve Conflict Goal: Promote Stability & Peace and / or support non-military Opns MNF SOP – “Applicable” to SSC and MOOTW

5. MNF Focus Levels Of Planning and Operations Strategic:Development & employment of national / multinational level of resources. Involves national interests and crisis action effects that impact on a nation’s vital or survival interests. Operational: Is the “link” between tactical and strategic objectives via strategies, campaigns, and major operations. Employment and arrangement of forces in time, space, and purpose for synchronization and integration at the JTF / CTF, interagency, and multinational force level. Tactical:Employment of units at the “execution level” for approved military Course of Action (COA). Ordered arrangement and maneuver of units for crisis response at the engagement and battle level. “MNF SOP focus – Campaign / Major Operations”

6. Key PrinciplesMNF SOP Framework • Operational Start Points: Predetermined “operational start points” prior to a crisis will assist in the CTF’s speed of initial response and mission effectiveness. • Clear Understanding & Communications: It is critical to “agree” or “agree to disagree” based upon a common set of operational start points, terms, and processes. • CTF Planning Process: The CTF planning structure must provide for an “integrated and managed process” for the movement of plans from the planning stage, to the refinement stage, and then to the execution stage. The above principles sets the foundation For “unity of effort” within the MNF / CTF effort

7. Strategic Guidance Effective Mission Accomplishment requires clear strategic guidance from HHQ Sources of Guidance: • Multinational Regional Organization guidance • Coalition Multinational Organizational guidance • UN Security Council or General Assembly resolution/mandate (UN authorized or UN led). • Unilateral Operations by a single country

8. Essential Strategic GuidanceRequired for Successful Operational Planning and Execution Essential Strategic Guidance (MNF SOP): • Purpose • Broad Mission Statement • Broad Objectives • Broad Criteria for termination and transition • Participating Nations and contribution • Lead Nation & SOP that will be used • Agreement on Collective Security Interests Involved • Specific Diplomatic, Informational, Military & Economic Limitations, Concerns, Sensitivities

9. CTF Operational Start Points(MNF SOP Framework) • Lead Nation Concept • Common Command Relationships and / or Common Control – Coordination Concepts • Standardized CTF Headquarters Organization • Common Planning & Decision-Making Process • Clear Understanding and Clarity of Terminology

10. CTF Operational Start Points Start Point #1 “ Lead Nation Concept “ • Lead Nation is responsible for the strategic consultation / coordination for the MNF effort • Among nations • With UN channels • With Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) or International Organization (IOs) • Lead Nation acts as the “single channel” of MNF strategic direction / guidance • Provides for “unity of effort”

11. Lead Nation ConceptCriteria • Vital / Survival Interest are most directly affected • Provides the foundation for the CTF HQs and preponderance of forces • Most capable of carrying out the diplomatic and international planning, coordination, and execution responsibilities for the MNF effort. (Note: Nations can have major functional responsibilities within the MNF effort (medical, airlift, etc.); but there is only “one” Lead Nation)

12. CTF Operational Start PointsStart Point # 2:“ Common Command Relationships and / or Common Control – Coordination Concepts “ • Foundation – Two Chains of Command Always Exist. Within the CTF command, each nations’ forcesare commanded by TWO separate chains of command at all times: #1: The Respective “NATIONAL” Chain of Command #2: The MNF “MULTINATIONAL” Chain of Command

13. Command Relationship Terms • Command and Control Relationships Concepts: • OPCON - Operational Control: command authority to organize and employ forces, assign tasks, designate objectives, and give authoritive direction necessary to accomplish the mission • TACON – Tactical Control: restrictive command authority that is limited to the detailed control of movements or maneuvers within a give operational area (AO) necessary to accomplish assigned missions or tasks. • SUPPORT: command authority for support relationships to assist in the coordination and direction of MNF logistical planning, coordination, and control / direction

14. MNF Chain of Command – Lead Nation Participating Nation National Authority/ies Nation #2 ex. US Lead Nation National Authority/ies Nation #1 ex. AS Participating Nation National Authority/ies Nation #3 ex. ROK Supporting Strategic Commander (Combatant Cdr) Supported Strategic Commander (CDF) Supporting Strategic Commander (ROK JCS) Commander Coalition / Combined Task Force (CCTF) National Command Element National CommandElement Participating ROK Forces Participating US Forces Participating AS Forces Legend: Consultation / Coordination Strategic Guidance OPCON or TACON And Support National Command National Command, Theater

15. Tailored Lead Nation (Parallel Command -- Foreign Command of Nation’s Forces is an Issue) Nation #1 National Authority/ies Lead Nation National Authority/ies Consultation / Coordination Supporting Strategic Commander Supported Strategic Commander Collaboration/ Coordination Participating Nation #1 Commander Commander Coalition / Combined Task Force (CCTF) Coalition Coordination Center (CCC) Participating Nation #1 Participating Nation #2 Participating Nation #3 Legend: Strategic Guidance OPCON or TACON And Support National Command Op Coordination

16. UN Sanctioned/Authorized • “Coalition, Lead Nation Led” Legend: Strategic Coord/Consultation Operational Coordination National Command MNF Strategic Coordination OPCON or TACON UN SG SRSG Administrative component Humanitarian Component Police Component Human Rights Component Election Component Lead Nation Concept (CTF under UN legitimacy – UN Authorized Ops) (Note: This is not a UN “led” operation (UN Sponsored) Observer Force

17. CTF Operational Start PointsStart Point #3:“Standardized CTF Headquarters Organization “ • Major HQs Functions That Must Be Addressed in Military Operations Other than War (MOOTW): • Operational Staff (C1 through C7) • Personal Staff (Legal, Public Affairs, etc.) • Coalition Coordination • Civil-Military Coordination • Logistics Coordination • Media Support – International and National • CTF Planning Process (Long Range to Mid-Term, Near-Term, and Current)

18. Standardized CTF HQs Organization Red Area “ Shared Top Level Classification Info Area Commander Coalition / Combined Task Force (CCTF) National Command Elements (NCE) Special Access Ops (SOF) Classification: Secret – MNF REL Classification: Case by Case DCCTF Civil-Military Operations Center (CMOC) Coalition Coordination Center (CCC) Personal Staff COS C4 LOG C5 PLANS C6 COMMS C7 CIV-MIL C2 INTEL C3 OPNS C1 PERS CTF PLANNING PROCESS(C5 PLANS, C3 FOPS, and C3 COPS) Coalition / Combined Logistics Coordination Center (CLCC) Secret – MNF REL Multinational and CTF Media Support Staffs (Coalition / Combined Media Pools) Legend: Multinational Force Releasable (MNF REL) Liaison & Coordination

19. CTF Operational Start PointsStart Point #4:“ Common Planning & Decision-Making Process “ • Two Major CTF Functions that MUST be fully understood and executed during the CTF’s activation: • CTF Organization for Planning • CTF Crisis Action Planning (CAP) Process

20. CTF Operational Start PointsStart Point # 5:“Clear Understanding and Clarity of Terminology “ • MNF SOP TERMINOLOGY • MPAT concerted effort to develop base definitions for CTF Operational Start Points • CTF Glossary will address all terms and abbreviations • MPAT Workshops will continually reinforce the “basic foundation” of terms

21. MNF SOP Summary“A Journey Starts with a first step” • A “Guide” for Operational Start Points and CTF procedures • Focus on Operational Level • Purpose: • Speed of Initial Response • Interoperability • Overall Mission Effectiveness • Multinational Document • 32 Nations -- Multinational Planning Augmentation Team (MPAT)