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Dive into Toxicology: Understanding Drugs and Their Effects

Explore the world of drugs with this comprehensive guide covering toxicology, natural and synthetic substances, psychological and physical dependence, common narcotics, depressants, hallucinogens, stimulants, and more.

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Dive into Toxicology: Understanding Drugs and Their Effects

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  1. TOXICOLOGY DRUGS

  2. DRUGS • NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC SUBSTANCES • USED TO PRODUCE PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

  3. Psychological dependence

  4. Psychological Dependence Drug is used to fulfill EMOTIONAL needs • Cope with life • To feel more comfortable in social settings CRACK is the most PSYCHOLOGICALLY addictive

  5. Physical Dependence

  6. Physical Dependence • Physical dependence means the body gets used to the drug, it needs more and more of it to accomplish the same effect. • Finally, the drug is merely used to counteract the withdrawal symptoms that appear when no drugs are being taken. Perspiring, feeling cold, goose flesh/pimples (cold turkey), running nose, stomach cramps, aching muscles, diarrhea.

  7. DRUGS • NECESSARY TO SUSTAIN AND PROLONG LIFE EXAMPLES: • INSULIN • AIDS DRUGS

  8. DRUGS • AS AN ESCAPE

  9. DRUGS AS A WAY TO END LIFE LEGAL EUTHANASIA: IN US - OREGON NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM SWITZERLAND

  10. Narcotics Substances that reduce or relieve pain and induce sleep

  11. Heroin Derived from morphine which is obtained from the opium poppy

  12. Street Names: “dope” “smack” “China white” “Cheese” “Black Tar”

  13. How used: • Mainlining: injecting into a vein or muscle • Smoked (mixed with marijuana in a joint) • Snorted as a powder

  14. Short-term Effects SLOWS DOWN

  15. Euphoria

  16. Clouds Mental Function

  17. Long-Term Effects Most physically Addictive drug

  18. Chronic use Heart Infections liver disease Heroin tolerance

  19. CODEINE • Prepared synthetically from MORPHINE • 1/6 as strong as morphine

  20. Methadone synthetic opiate Used to treat heroin addiction

  21. Propoxyphene (Darvon) Pain Reliever 1 of top 10 drugs found in bodies at autopsy

  22. Oxycontin • acetaminophen (tylenol) • and oxycodone • used to treat severe pain • tablets crushed & ingested • or dissolved in water and • injected

  23. SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF OXYCONTIN • “RUSH” SIMILAR TO HEROIN • RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION • CONSTIPATION, NAUSEA, VOMITING • CARDIAC ARREST • SEVERE WITHDRAWAL (“FLU x 1000”- 2WKS)

  24. Depressants

  25. Barbiturates Relax and produce sleep

  26. “Barbs” “Yellow Jackets”“Blue Devils” “Reds” Fast-acting barbiturates are the most commonly abused : Secobarbital, Pentobarbital, Amobarbital

  27. 1/3 of all Drug-related deaths

  28. Short-term Effects • Relaxes • Impairment of higher thinking • Induces sleep

  29. Long-term Effects of Barbiturates Withdrawal: • Insomnia • Muscle spasms • Delirium • Convulsions • Can lead to death

  30. Methaqualone • Quaaludes “Ludes” • Non-barbiturate depressant • Powerful sedative & muscle relaxant

  31. Tranquilizers • Depressants that relax • Proper dosage does not impair

  32. Ketamine • Veterinarian anesthesia • “Special K” “Vitamin K” new ecstasy

  33. Ketamine Mixed in drinks As a powder–snorted Hallucinogenatory effects: -Euphoria -Delirium -Amnesia -High blood pressure Higher doses can stop breathing-DEATH

  34. “K-HOLE” • NO PAIN • HALLUCINOGEN • COMA

  35. GHB “Liquid X” “Liquid E” “G”

  36. GHB IS MADE OF: A CNS DEPRESSANT

  37. GHB: DATE-RAPE DRUG • COLORLESS • ODORLESS • SLIGHT, BITTER TASTE • DISSOLVES IN WATER

  38. GHB: Short-term Effects • Drowsiness • Vomiting • Delusions • Depression • Amnesia • Coma • Death Increasing dosages

  39. GHB: Long-term Effects • Physically addictive • unknown

  40. “Roofies” Tasteless Odorless Dissolves in water Used crushed Also Legal in 60 countries ….not in U.S.

  41. Rohypnol: Short-term Effects Sedative Hypnotic effect Muscle relaxant Amnesia At higher dosages: respiratory depression With alcohol: no memory COMA

  42. HUFFING: INHALANT ABUSE • RAG IS SOAKED IN INHALANT AND PLACED IN MOUTH. THE INHALANT VAPORIZES AND GOES TO THE LUNGS,THEN TO THE BRAIN • COMMON HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS • ONLY TYPE OF DRUG ABUSE MORE COMMON IN YOUNGER CHILDREN THAN IN TEENS

  43. GLUE-SNIFFING USUALLY TOLUENE SHORT-TERM EFFECTS: Exhilaration, euphoria,slurred Speech, impaired judgement, Double vision LONG-TERM EFFECTS: Liver, heart, brain damage DEATH

  44. LEGALSTIMULANTS SPEEDS UP CNS

  45. AMPHETAMINES • SYNTHETIC STIMULANTS • “UPPERS” • “SPEED”

  46. THE NAZIS USED AMPHETAMINES SO TROOPS WOULD NOT NEED SLEEP WORLD WAR II SOLDIERS USED AMPHETAMINES TO STAY AWAKE

  47. METHAMPHETAMINES “ICE” “CRANK” “METH” “SPEED”

  48. METHAMPHETAMINES • Powerful stimulant • Taken orally, injected, snorted, or smoked • Use is on rise because it is mixed with Ecstacy

  49. Meth: Short-term Effects Increased energy Decrease in appetite Euphoria Irritability Aggression Then EXHAUSTION and DEPRESSION Decrease in Heart and Breathing Rates

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