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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Medication Preparations and Supplies. Oral. Tablet. Disc of compressed drug; may be coated to enhance easy swallowing. May be scored. Enteric-coated tablet. Tablet with special coating that resists disintegration by gastric juices. Timed-release (Sustained-Release).

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Medication Preparations and Supplies

  2. Oral

  3. Tablet • Disc of compressed drug; may be coated to enhance easy swallowing. May be scored

  4. Enteric-coated tablet • Tablet with special coating that resists disintegration by gastric juices

  5. Timed-release (Sustained-Release) • Capsule containing drug particles that have various coatings that differ in the amount of time required before coatings dissolve

  6. Lozenge • Tablet containing palatable flavoring, indicated for a local (often soothing) effect on the throat or mouth

  7. Suspension • Liquid form of medication that must be shaken well before administration because the drug particles settle at the bottom of the bottle

  8. Emulsion • Liquid drug preparation that contains oils and fats in water

  9. Elixir, fluid extract • Liquid drug forms with alcohol base

  10. Syrup • Sweetened, flavored liquid drug form

  11. Solution • Liquid drug form in which the drug is totally evenly dissolved

  12. Rectal

  13. Suppository • Drug suspended in a substance, such as cocoa butter, that melts at body temperature

  14. Enema solutuion • Drug suspended in solution to be administered as an enema

  15. Injectable

  16. Solution • Drugs suspended in a sterile vehicle

  17. Powder • Dry particles of drugs to be mixed with a sterile diluting solution

  18. Intravenous • Injected directly into a vein (immediate absorption)

  19. Intramuscular • Injected into a muscle positioning the needle at a 90-degree angle

  20. subcutaneous • Injected into the fatty layer of tissue below the skin by positioning the needle at a 45-degree angle

  21. intradermal • Injected just beneath the skin, by positioning the needle bevel up and the syringe at a 15-degree angle

  22. epidural • Injected into a catheter that has been placed by an anesthesiologist in the epidural space of the spinal canal.

  23. intracardiac • Injected directly into the heart

  24. intraspinal • Injected into the subarachnoid space which contains cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds the spinal cord.

  25. Intracapsular (intra-articular) • Injected into the capsule of a joint, usually to reduce inflammation as in bursitis

  26. Topical

  27. Cream or ointment • Semisolid preparation containing a drug

  28. lotion • A liquid preparation applied externally for treatment of skin disorders

  29. liniment • Preparation for external use that is rubbed on the skin as a counterirritant

  30. Dermal patch • Skin patch containing drug molecules that can be absorbed through the skin at varying rates to promote a consistent blood level between application times

  31. Eye, ear, and nose drops (gtt) • Drugs in sterile liquids to be applied by drops

  32. Eye ointment • Sterile semisolid preparation, often antibiotic in nature, for ophthalmic use only

  33. Vaginal Creams • Medicated creams, often of antibiotic or antifungal nature that are inserted vaginally with the use of a special applicator

  34. Rectal and Vaginal Suppositories • Drug suspended in a substance, such as cocoa butter, that melts at body temperature, for local effect

  35. Douche solution • Sterile solution, often as an antiseptic such as povidone iodine solution and sterile water, used to irrigate the vaginal canal.

  36. Buccal tablet • Tablet that is absorbed via the buccal mucosa in the mouth

  37. Sublingual tablet • Tablet that is absorbed via the mucosa under the tongue

  38. Inhalable

  39. Spray or Mist • Liquid drug forms that may be inhaled as fine droplets via the use of spray bottles, nebulizers, or metered dose inhalers.

  40. Gas • Anesthetics, such as nitrous oxide, that are introduced via the respiratory route for general anesthesia

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