Bell Work Friday 3/14

1. Bell WorkFriday 3/14 Look in your book beginning on page 651 to find the answers • 1. Why were members of the Third Estates dissatisfied with life under the Old Regime? • 2. How did Louis XVI’s weak leadership contribute to the growing crisis in France? • 3. How did the purpose of the meeting of the Third Estates-General change in 1789?

2. The French Revolution and Napoleon Chapter 23

3. Section 1-The French Revolution Begins

4. The Old Order • The Old Regime-The social and political system in France during the 1700’s • The people were divided into three large classes called estates

5. The Old Order • The First Estate- • Made up of members of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church • Scorned Enlightenment Ideas • The Second Estate- • Made up of rich Nobles who held the highest offices in government • Disagreed about Enlightenment ideas

6. The Old Order • The Third Estate- • Included bourgeoisie, urban lower class, and peasant farmers • Had no power to influence government • Resented the wealthy First and Second Estates

7. The Forces of Change • Economic Troubles in France- • Taxes made it too hard for merchants and businesses to make profit • Factors including the rise in the cost of living, wide spread crop failures in the 1780’s, and the price of bread doubling made life in France hard • Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette live extravagantly and piled up massive debt helping America fight England

8. Dawn of the Revolution • The National Assembly- • The Third Estates delegates were heavily influenced by the Enlightenment and eager to make changes in government • Suggested that all three estates meet together and that each delegate should get a vote (giving them the advantage) • The Third Estates became the National Assembly • This action was the first deliberate act of revolution

9. Dawn of the Revolution • Tennis Court Oath-The Third Estate broke in and promised to stay in the indoor tennis court until a new constitution was drafted

10. Dawn of the Revolution • Storming the Bastille- • It took place on July 14th, 1789 • Mobs stormed the prison after rumors emerged that Louis was using military forces against the National Assembly • Attackers killed the prison commander and several guards • They put their heads on spikes in the streets • This became the great symbolic act of revolution • Bastille day is celebrated like our 4th of July

11. The Great Fear Sweeps France • The Great Fear- • Peasants were afraid that the nobles had hired outlaws to terrorize them • As a result the peasants went into the homes of nobles with pitchforks and farm tools destroying the old legal papers that forced them to pay federal duties • After the price of bread rose in Oct. 1789, peasant women rioted and Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were forced to leave France

12. Bell WorkMonday 3/17 Look in your book beginning on page 656 to find the answers • 1. What major reform did the National Assembly introduce? • 2. What did the divisions of the National Assembly say about the differences in French Society? • 3. How did the Reign of Terror come to an end?

13. SSR + LogMonday 3/17 Please sit quietly with your desks cleared and have your pencil/pen ready for SSR

14. SSR + LogMonday 3/17 Please take two minutes to discuss our SSR article with your table mates. When you receive your SSR One-Pager please read the directions and select and circle five sentence stems to help complete the activity

15. Section 2-Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

16. The Assembly Reforms France • The Rights of Man- • A set of revolutionary ideas drafted by the National Assembly • Said “men are born and remain free and equal in rights” • Life, liberty, security, and resistance to oppression • The document guaranteed equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion

17. The Assembly Reforms France • A State-Controlled Church- • Members of the National assembly focused on reforming the church • Church lands were confiscated saying church officials should be elected and paid by the state • Catholic Church lost land and political independence • The selling of church lands helped pay off France’s debt

18. Divisions Develop • Legislative Assembly- • Legislative body who had the power to create laws and approve or reject declarations of war • The king could still enforce laws

19. Divisions Develop • Old issues caused the Legislative Assembly to split into three factions • Radicals- • Wanted massive gov. changes, opposed monarchy • Moderates- • Wanted only some changes to gov. • Conservatives- • Liked the idea of limited monarchy and only wanted a few gov. changes

20. War and Execution • France at War- • As usual the war begins badly for France • By summer of 1792 Prussian forces were advancing on Paris • Aug 10th, 1792- • 20,000 men stormed the Tuileries and captured Louie, Marie Antoinette and the kids • Angry protesters raided the prisons and killed over 1,000 prisoners

21. War and Execution • France at War- • National Convention- • September 21st, 1792 • New government of France • Disposed of the King • Dissolved the National Assembly • Made France a republic • Adult males were given the right to vote and hold political office

22. War and Execution • Jacobins- • Radical members of the political organization that brought sweeping changes into the French Government • Jean-Paul Marat- • Jacobin writer who called for the deaths of those who still supported the king • Guillotine- • Quick and efficient way of beheading a criminal • Louis XVI was executed this way

23. Terror Grips France • Reign of Terror- • July 1793, Maximilien Robespierre became the leader of the Committee of Public Safety and ruled like a dictator • During this time nearly 40,000 citizens were killed • Including George Danton and Marie Antoinette • 85% were peasants • Reign of Terror ended in July 1794 with Robespierre’s capture and execution

27. Bell WorkTuesday 3/18 Please take out your notes/study guide and with your elbow partner review all of the information for our test covering Chapter 23 Sections 1 and 2.

28. Section 3-Napoleon Forges an Empire

29. Napoleon Seizes Power • Napoleon Bonaparte- • Born in 1769 • Sent to military school at 9 years old • He became a lieutenant in the French artillery at 16 • Upon his return from Egypt he led a coup d’ etat • When the council dissolved he named himself dictator • His first goal was to restore order in France

30. Napoleon Rules France • The Plebiscite- • A vote of the people that gave Napoleon all real power • Napoleon Supported • Changes from the revolution • Laws that would strengthen the central gov. and achieve the goals of the revolution

31. Napoleon Rules France • Napoleon also: • Set up an effective banking system • Tried to end to gov. corruption • Set up Lycees-Gov. ran public schools • Students came from all backgrounds • Relived jobs based on performance • Napoleonic Code-A uniform set of laws that ended many injustices • Promoted order over individual rights

32. Napoleon Creates an Empire • 1804-Napoleon crowned himself emperor • This symbolized his power over the church • Napoleon's Goals- • Wanted to control all of Europe • Re-establish French dominance in the Americas • He thought the key was the sugar producing colony of Saint Domingue

34. Napoleon Creates an Empire • Loss of American Territories- • The people of Saint Domingue led by Toussaint L’Ouverture demanded the same rights as French citizens • Napoleon failed to overtake them • 1803-Napoleon offers to sell the Louisiana Territory for $15 million

36. Napoleon Creates an Empire • Napoleon was extremely successful in battle during the early part of his reign • Britain, Russia, Austria, and Sweden joined forces against France but could not beat them • His victories allowed him to build the largest empire since the Romans • His only real challenge was Britain's navy

37. Napoleon Creates an Empire • The Battle of Trafalgar- • The only major battle Napoleon lost • This naval defeat had two lasting effects: • It assured Britain naval supremacy for the next 100 years • Napoleon abandoned his plans of invading Britain

38. Napoleon Creates an Empire • By 1812 the only countries in Europe not controlled by Napoleon were: • Britain, Portugal, Sweden and the Ottoman Empire • His empire existed at it’s greatest extent from 1807 to 1812 • Napoleon’s grand ambitions became his undoing

40. Bell WorkWednesday 3/19 Look in your book beginning on page 668 to find the answers • 1. How did Great Britain combat Napoleon’s naval blockade? • 2. Why did Napoleon have trouble defeating enemy forces in the Peninsular War? • 3. How many member of France’s Grand Army returned from their attack on Moscow?

41. Section 4-Napoleon’s Empire Collapses

42. Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes • Napoleon’s desire for power became his greatest downfall • Napoleon made three major mistakes in his quest to crush Britain and expand France • The Continental System • The Peninsular War • The Invasion of Russia

43. Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes • The Continental System- • Napoleon set up a blockade to prevent trade between Britain and Europe • Two Goals: • Make continental Europe self-sufficient • Destroy Britain’s commercial and industrial economy • France’s blockade was weak • British ships made it to Europe • French and Neutral ships were stopped by Britain’s blockade • U.S. frustrated and declared war on Britain (War of 1812)

44. Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes • The Peninsular War- • In his attempt to get Portugal to accept the Continental system Napoleon sent troops through Spain • Removed the Spanish king • The people worried he would weaken the Catholic church • Peasant fighters called guerrillas killed 300,000 of Napoleon’s men • A growing sense of nationalism in European nations became a powerful weapon against Napoleon

45. Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes • The Invasion of Russia- • Napoleon decided to invade Russia in 1812 • Russian czar refused to stop selling to Britain • Scorched-earth policy- • Russia burned all the grain fields and killed all the live stock in France’s path so there would be nothing to eat • Russia and France met at the Battle of Borodino • The entire Russian campaign cost Napoleon’s Grand Army 410,000 soldiers

46. Napoleon's Downfall • Napoleon Suffers Defeat- • Britain, Russia, Prussia and Sweden joined forces against Napoleon • In April 1814 Napoleon accepted the terms of surrender and gave up his throne • Napoleon was given a small pension and exiled to the island of Elba

47. Napoleon's Downfall • The Hundred Days- • Napoleon's last bid for power • Napoleon escaped from Elba on March 1st, 1815 • Crowds joyfully greeted him and helped him re-capture the French throne • Waterloo- • June 18th, 1815–British and Persian forces defended their ground and defeated Napoleon's forces • Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena where he died 6 years later