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Overview. Victims’ responses to discrimination Ways to reduce prejudice/discrimination Contact Recategorization Jigsaw classroom Confrontation Unlearning stereotype associations. Contact hypothesis
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Overview • Victims’ responses to discrimination • Ways to reduce prejudice/discrimination • Contact • Recategorization • Jigsaw classroom • Confrontation • Unlearning stereotype associations
Contact hypothesis Under certain conditions, direct contact between members of different groups can reduce intergroup stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. Contact Contact Recategorization Jigsaw classroom Confrontation Unlearning stereotype associations
Contact Recategorization Jigsaw classroom Confrontation Unlearning stereotype associations Conditions: Groups have equal status within contact situation Groups share common goals Situation involves intergroup cooperation Contact is supported by authority Situation provides members with opportunity to become friends Contact
The evidence Does contact actually reduce prejudice and discrimination? The evidence is mixed There are too many conditions to satisfy Contact Contact Recategorization Jigsaw classroom Confrontation Unlearning stereotype associations
Based on social identity theory and social categorization theory Remove borders between groups (i.e., create new categories) Recategorization Contact Recategorization Jigsaw classroom Confrontation Unlearning stereotype associations
The evidence Does recategorization actually reduce prejudice and discrimination? As long as a common ingroup identity is created (e.g., Sherif’s Robber’s Cave study) Recategorization Contact Recategorization Jigsaw classroom Confrontation Unlearning stereotype associations X
Elliot Aronson Divide students into groups of 5 or 6 Each student is responsible for a specific task Encourages mutual interdependence rather than competition Jigsaw classroom Contact Recategorization Jigsaw classroom Confrontation Unlearning stereotype associations
The evidence Does the jigsaw classroom actually reduce prejudice and discrimination? Jigsaw classroom Contact Recategorization Jigsaw classroom Confrontation Unlearning stereotype associations
What would happen if you confronted people with their stereotypes and biases? If you make people aware that they are being prejudiced, will they become less prejudiced? Confrontation Contact Recategorization Jigsaw classroom Confrontation Unlearning stereotype associations
Macrae et al. (1994). Out of mind but back in sight: Stereotypes on the rebound Confrontation Contact Recategorization Jigsaw classroom Confrontation Unlearning stereotype associations
Passage 1 Please write about a day in the life…
Passage 2 Please write about a day in the life…
Macrae results Suppress stereotype Control 5.54 6.95 Passage 1 Passage 2 7.83 7.08
The evidence Does confrontation actually reduce prejudice and discrimination? Not necessarily; it may actually make them more prejudiced! Confrontation Contact Recategorization Jigsaw classroom Confrontation Unlearning stereotype associations
If stereotypes are learned and become automatic through repetition, then can they be eliminated in the same way? Kawakami et al. (2000) Unlearning stereotype associations Contact Recategorization Jigsaw classroom Confrontation Unlearning stereotype associations
Pretest: Measure automatic associations between target and stereotype word Training Posttest: Same as pretest Do automatic associations between targets and stereotype words become weaker after training? Unlearning stereotype associations Contact Recategorization Jigsaw classroom Confrontation Unlearning stereotype associations
Training Stereotypeword (e.g., angry) Picture oftarget (Skinhead) “No” + = Nonstereotypeword(e.g., friendly) Picture oftarget (Skinhead) “Yes” + =
The evidence Does training to unlearn stereotype associations actually reduce prejudice and discrimination? Unlearning stereotype associations Contact Recategorization Jigsaw classroom Confrontation Unlearning stereotype associations 640 620 600 580 560 540 520 500 Before training After training
Modern types of racism require more modern techniques The more we know about prejudice, the more sophisticated techniques we can develop to prevent it Summing up Contact Recategorization Jigsaw classroom Confrontation Unlearning stereotype associations 1940s 2000
