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CARTILAGE

CARTILAGE . Dr Iram Tassaduq. CARTILAGE . Cartilage is a type of connective tissue derived from mesenchyme, in which the ground substance is hardened and provides support. . CARTILAGE .

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CARTILAGE

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  1. CARTILAGE Dr Iram Tassaduq

  2. CARTILAGE • Cartilage is a type of connective tissue derived from mesenchyme, in which the ground substance is hardened and provides support.

  3. CARTILAGE • It is a form of connective tissue composed of cells called chondrocytes and a highly specialized extracellular matrix

  4. CARTILAGE • Matrix is solid and firm • Does not contain vessels or nerves. • Is surrounded by a layer of dense connective tissue, the perichondrium

  5. FUNCTIONS OF CARTILAGE TISSUE • Firm consistency of the extracellular matrix allows the tissue to bear mechanical stresses without permanent distortion • Supports soft tissues. • Shock-absorbing because it is resilient. • Smooth surface allows sliding . • Essential for growth, development of bone.

  6. TYPES OF CARTILAGE • Hyaline cartilage • Elastic cartilage • Fibrous cartilage

  7. HYALINE CARTILAGE • Cells embedded in clear matrix(hyalos meaning glass) • Perichondrium on surface • Chondrocytes are located in lacunae

  8. HYALINE CARTILAGE • Bluish white color. • Strong, rubbery, flexible tissue.

  9. CHONDROCYTES • Produce and maintain extra cellular matrix. • Either single or in isogenous groups . • Fat droplets, glycogen granules are found in cytoplasm. • Active ones are more basophilic.

  10. TERRITORIAL MATRIX • Contain high concentration of bound sulfate so stains with basic dyes. • Rich in water(70-80%) • Three classes of molecules are present; Collagen, Proteoglycans and glycoproteins.

  11. INTERTERRITORIAL MATRIX • Region that surrounds the territorial matrix • Sulphated proteoglycans are in low concentration

  12. LOCATION Found at • ends of bones • nose • trachea • larynx

  13. PERICHONDRIUM • Dense CT that covers cartilage • Contains blood, nerve supply, lymphatics. • Source of new cartilage cells

  14. PERICHONDRIUM • Divided into two layers Inner cellular Outer fibrous

  15. ELASTIC CARTILAGE • Similar to hyaline cartilage but has elastic fibers running in all directions in addition to collagen.

  16. ELASTIC CARTILAGE • The properties of elastin and the fibers it forms give elastic cartilage its ability to be deformed and to spring back into shape immediately. The chondrocytes are more tightly packed together than is the case in hyaline cartilage

  17. ELASTIC CARTILAGEELASTIN STAIN

  18. ELASTIC CARTILAGE • Elastic cartilage is found in • pinna of the Ear • walls of the Eustachian tube • Epiglottis all places in which the maintenance of a specific shape is important to proper function

  19. FIBROCARTILAGE • Chondrocytes with dense connective tissue. • No surrounding perichondrium. • Rounded nuclei belong to chondrocytes. • In fibrous areas some nuclei are flat, they are of fibroblasts. • Contain type I and type II collagen.

  20. FIBROCARTILAGE • Chondrocytes may lie singly or in pairs, but most often they form short rows between dense bundles of collagen fibers.

  21. FIBROCARTILAGE • Collagen type I is dominant in fibrous cartilage

  22. FIBROCARTILAGE is typically found in relation to joints • intra-articular lips, disks and menisci • intervertebral disks • symphysis pubis.

  23. GROWTH OF CARTILAGE • Growth is attributable to two processes: • Interstitial growth • Mitotic division of preexisting chrondrocytes • Synthesis of matrix • Expands cartilage matrix from within • Occurs in epiphyseal plates, articular cartilage • Appositional growth • Differentiation of perichondrial cells  chondroblasts • Synthesis of matrix • Increase in girth

  24. REPAIR OF HYALINE CARTILAGE • Can tolerate considerable amount of stress • Limited ability to repair Because of 1. Immobility of chodrocytes 2. Less ability of chodrocytes to proliferate 3. Avascularity 4. When hyaline cartilage calcifies it is replaced by bone

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