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Human Geography By James Rubenstein

Human Geography By James Rubenstein. Chapter 4 Key Issue 1 Where Do Folk and Popular Cultures Originate and Diffuse?. Habit. A repetitive act that a particular individual performs. Custom. A repetitive act of a group, performed to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group.

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Human Geography By James Rubenstein

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  1. Human GeographyBy James Rubenstein • Chapter 4 • Key Issue 1 • Where Do Folk and Popular Cultures Originate and Diffuse? S. Mathews & Damon Six

  2. Habit • A repetitive act that a particular individual performs. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  3. Custom • A repetitive act of a group, performed to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  4. A collection of social customs produces a group’s material culture. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  5. Two basic categories of material culture • Folk Culture • Popular Culture S. Mathews & Damon Six

  6. Folk Culture • Material culture traditionally practiced primarily by small, homogeneous groups living in isolated rural areas. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  7. Popular Culture • Material culture practiced by large, heterogeneous societies that share habits despite differences in personal characteristics, and most frequently originate in MDCs. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  8. Scale of Territory • Territory of Folk culture is typically much smaller than that of Popular culture. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  9. Through Globalization • popular culture is becoming more dominant, threatening the survival of unique folk cultures. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  10. Each social custom has a unique spatial distribution. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  11. Two basic factors that explain spatial differences • The process of origin • The pattern of diffusion S. Mathews & Damon Six

  12. Origin of Folk and Popular Cultures • Folk culture originates from anonymous sources, at unknown dates, through unidentified originators. • Popular culture is most often a product of the economically more developed countries; - popular music - fast food S. Mathews & Damon Six

  13. Popular culture is becoming more dominant, threatening the survival of unique folk cultures, which provide a unique identity to each group of people who occupy a specific region on Earth’s surface. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  14. Origin of Folk Music • Composed anonymously and transmitted orally. • Tell story or convey information about - daily activities - life-cycle events - mysterious events S. Mathews & Damon Six

  15. Example of Folk Culture • In Vietnam, where most people are subsistence farmers, information about agricultural technology is conveyed through folk songs. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  16. Origin of Country Music • Folk customs may have multiple origins. • Geographer George Carney identified 4 major hearths of country music - southern Appalachia - Central Tennessee and Kentucky - the Ozark and Ouachita uplands - north-central Texas S. Mathews & Damon Six

  17. Origins of country music S. Mathews & Damon Six

  18. Origin of Popular Music • Written by specific individuals for the purpose of being sold to a large number of people. • Originated around 1900 • Diffusion of American popular music worldwide began during World War II S. Mathews & Damon Six

  19. Tin Pan AlleyCluster of music writers and publishers in New York City. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  20. Diffusion of Hip Hop • Originated in New York in late 1970s. • A return to a very local form of music expression. • Diffused rapidly around the world through globalization. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  21. Proximity of prominent hip hop performers. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  22. Diffusion of Folk and Popular Cultures Popular culture diffuses rapidly and extensively through the use of modern communications and transportation. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  23. The Spread of Popular Culture Follows the process of hierarchical diffusion from hearths or nodes of innovation. - Hollywood (movies) - Madison Avenue (advertising) S. Mathews & Damon Six

  24. Folk Culture Is transmitted from one location to another. - More slowly - At a smaller scale - Through relocation diffusion S. Mathews & Damon Six

  25. Relocation Diffusion • The spread of a characteristic through migration. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  26. The Amish • An example of Relocation Diffusion. • Distinctive clothing, farming, and religious practices. • Shun mechanical and electrical power. • Travel by horse and buggy and continue to use hand tools for farming. S. Mathews & Damon Six

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  30. Amish Settlements • Number only about 70,000 in US. • Visible on the landscape in at least 17 states. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  31. Amish Settlements S. Mathews & Damon Six

  32. Amish History • Originated in Switzerland, France, and Germany in the 1600s. • Followers of Swiss Mennonite bishop; Jakob Ammann. • Two waves of Amish families migrated to U.S. - in early 1700s, to Pennsylvania. - in early 1800s, to Ohio, Iowa, and Ontario. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  33. Amish Communities • Retain their traditional customs. • Relatively isolated from each other. • Diffusing slowly through interregional migration. - in search of inexpensive farm land - to escape influx of tourists S. Mathews & Damon Six

  34. Soccer • An example of hierarchical diffusion of Popular Culture. • In the latter 20th Century, the world’s most popular sport. • Began as a folk culture. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  35. Early History of Soccer • Earliest documented contest took place in 11th century England (called “Kick the Dane’s head”). • Between rival villages, with the winners kicking the ball into the center of the rival village. • Renamed “football” in 12th Century. • Banned by King Henry II at end of 12th Century. • Legalized in 1603 by King James I. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  36. From the World to Houston PELE S. Mathews & Damon Six

  37. Globalization of Soccer • Began in 1800s. • Rules were standardized in 1863. • The Dutch were the first continental Europeans to play soccer in 1870s. • The British diffused the game throughout their empire. • Soccer was further diffused by radio and television. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  38. The Diffusion of Rugby • Originated in England in 1823, when football (soccer) player picked up the ball and ran with it. • Spread to the US in 1873, when Harvard representative successfully argued the adoption of rugby rules over soccer. • Later modified into American Style football. • Similar modification of Rugby rules were taken by Canadians, Australians, and the Irish. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  39. Some Other Preferred Popular Sports • Cricket is popular in Britain and former British Colonies. • Ice hockey prevails in Canada, Northern Europe, and Russia. • Forms of Martial Arts are popular in China. • Baseball in the US and Japan. S. Mathews & Damon Six

  40. Lacrosse Known as “bump hips” began among the Iroquois Confederation of North America. S. Mathews & Damon Six

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  42. GLOBALIZATION OF AN AMERICAN SPORT: BASKETBALL, Ranong Province, Thailand S. Mathews & Damon Six

  43. “TAKRAM”, sport in Thailand that is a combination of soccer (“no hands”) & volleyball (“net”) S. Mathews & Damon Six

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