Timeline of the History of Video Production

1. Timeline of the History of Video Production By:Willetta Hill

2. The First Motion Picture Ever Made - The Horse In Motion (1878) • Eadweard Muybridge's groundbreaking motion photography was accomplished using multiple cameras and assembling the individual pictures into a motion picture. Muybridge was commissioned by Leland Stanford (California governor/ Stanford University) to scientifically answer a popularly debated question during this era - are all four of a horse's hooves ever off the ground at the same time while the horse is galloping? Muybridge's time-motion photography proved they indeed were, and the idea of motion photography was born.

3. First Movie Ever Shot (U.S.A.) - Monkeyshines No. 1 (1889 or 1890) • Monkeyshines, No. 1 may very well be the first movie ever shot using a continuous strip of film. It was shot as a camera test by W.K.L. Dickson and William Heise, both of whom worked for Thomas Edison. Historians are unsure of the exact date this film was shot as it was filmed to be a camera test and not for commercial purposes. • The film depicts a blurry Edison co-worker goofing off for the camera. It was quickly followed by Monkeyshines No. 2 and 3.

4. First Movie Ever Made for Projection -- Workers Leaving the Lumiere Factory (1895) • Movies for mass public consumption are considered to be the invention of Auguste and Louis Lumiere. Edison's interest in movies was to sell his Kinetoscope machines, designed as individual 'peep shows" in which a person looked into a box and saw a moving picture. The Lumiere brothers envisioned movies as public showings. The two approaches are like the difference between listening to an I-pod on your headphones versus sitting in a theater and listening to a concert. • The Lumiere Brothers held a private screening of projected movies on March 22, 1895. This test screening was a success. The Lumiere's then held their first paid, public screening of movies on December 28, 1895 in the basement the Salon Indien du Grand Café in Paris. The basement was set up with a hundred seats. Thirty-three people paid attendance to witness the birth of cinema. • The program that night consisted of ten Lumiere shorts, each running approximately 46 seconds in length.

5. First Motion Picture Projected for an Audience - Berlin Wintergarten Novelty Program (1895) • Max and Emil Sklandanowsky were German inventors who created the Bioskop, a different technology for showing moving pictures that involved an elaborate machine using two parallel film strips and two lenses which were able to flash pictures on a screen at 16 frames per second. This was enough of a frame rate to give the illusion of motion. On November 1, 1895, nearly two months before the Lumiere public showing, the Sklandanowsky brothers presented a moving picture show as part of the Berlin Wintergarten festival as part of a program of novelties. The moving pictures were a big hit and played to sold out shows in the ensuing weeks; however, the Lumiere projection system was technologically superior to the complicated arrangements necessary to show Bioskop pictures, which is why the Lumiere's are generally credited with the creation of the commercial medium we call movies.

6. The First Television • Samuel F. B. Morse invented the telegraph. But, it was not until 1898 that, through facilities provided by Marconi's newly founded wireless company, the Dublin Daily Express was able to recieve minute by minute coverage of the Kingstown Regatta and then they provided wireless coverage of America's Cup races. For the next twenty years, radio was limited to only military and maritime use. It was extensively used by allied and central powers in World War I and, at the same time, by ships at sea. The first radio "reporters" appeared in the 1920s and then the networks established their news organizations in the 1930s. By the 1940s came, the stations were covering the global war. During the 1950s, television overtook radio. The 1960's saw profound technological change: videotape arrived, and viewers began seeing their news in color

7. Who invented the first television? Philo Farnsworth was just a fourteen year old high school student when he came up with the idea that an electron beam could scan pictures back and forth and transmit them to remote screens- in other words, he thought up TV! While such an amazing invention could not be the work of one man alone, figures such as John Logie Baird and Vladimir Zworykin deserve their due, Philo Farnsworth should be commended for his place in history. http://www.essortment.com/invented-first-television-65617.html

8. Born in a log cabin and raised to work hard in the fields, young Farnsworth was fascinated by electrons and electronics, and convinced his science teacher to let him sit in on a senior level electronics course. Throughout his life he would credit this teacher, Justin Tolman, for inspiring and encouraging him, and giving him the information he needed. Tolman thought Farnsworth's explanation of the theory of relativity was the clearest he'd ever heard, and Farnsworth was only fifteen years old at the time of that explanation! Farnsworth's family moved to Beaver City, Utah under instructions from Brigham Young himself. When he was only fifteen he was admitted to Brigham Young University. He had to drop out a couple of years later when his father died, but he was already more advanced in electronics than anyone at Brigham Young and most people in the world. http://www.essortment.com/invented-first-television-65617.html

9. Video Production The Video Production can be ranged in size from a family creating home movies with a prosumer camcorder, a one solo camera operator with a professional video camera in a single camera setup; a videographer with a sound person to multiple camera setup shoot in a television studio; to a production truck requiring a whole television crew for an electrical field production with a company of production with set construction on the backlot of movie studio. The style of shooting contains a tripod for a locked- down shot; hand- held to achieve a more on edge camera angle or looser shot, integrating Dutch angle, Whip zoom and whip pan; on a jib that effortlessly soars to varying heights and with a Steadicam for smooth movement as the camera operator integrates cinematic techniques affecting through rooms, as can be viewed in Pulp Fiction and The Shining. A "Poor Man's Steadicam" is the Easyrig that is worn by the shooter like a tight vest with an arm that clutches the camera. Professional Video Production Company can assist their client from the concept and scriptwriting to shooting, editing, and duplication.Read more: Facts About Video Productionhttp://www.sooperarticles.com/internet-articles/video-marketing-articles/facts-about-video-production-607949.html#ixzz2j8bUjBcG

10. The First Photograph The First Photograph, or more specifically, the world's first permanent photograph from nature, was taken by Joseph NicéphoreNiépce in 1826 or 1827. The image depicts the view from an upstairs window at Niépce's estate, Le Gras, in the Burgundy region of France. Niépce's invention represents the origin of today's photography, film, and other media arts. Learn more about the First Photograph through the links. http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/firstphotograph/history/#top

11. Joseph NicéphoreNiépce When the craze for the newly invented art of lithography swept France in 1813, it attracted Joseph NicéphoreNiépce's attention. His trials with lithography led to what Niépce later termed heliography and resulted in the first permanent photograph from nature, which he produced around 1826. http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/firstphotograph/history/#top

12. Helmut Gernsheim. Drawing of Joseph NicéphoreNiépce'sView from the Window at Le Gras, 1952. After developing heliography and the First Photograph, Niépce traveled to England where he showed his invention to botanical illustrator Francis Bauer at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Bauer recognized the importance of Niépce's work and encouraged him to write about his invention for a presentation to the Royal Society. Although his proposal was rejected, Niépce left his handwritten memoir and his heliograph specimens (including the First Photograph) with Bauer, who dutifully inscribed the gifts, labeled them 1827 (the year of their presentation to him), and set them aside. During the nineteenth century, the First Photograph passed from Bauer's estate through a variety of hands. After its last public exhibition in 1905, it slipped into obscurity. In 1952, the photo-historian, Helmut Gernsheim, was able to relocate the First Photograph when he was contacted by the widow of Gibbon Pritchard, who had found the Niépce heliograph in her husband's estate after his death. He verified the photograph's authenticity, obtained it for his collection, and returned Joseph NicéphoreNiépce to his rightful place as the first photographer. http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/firstphotograph/history/#top

13. The video camera as it is known today is able to record images and sound. The first demonstration of this capability took place on 14 April 1956. Ray Dolby, Charles Ginsberg, and Charles Anderson invented the first machine to record both images and sound. This invention sold for approximately $75,000 US Dollars (USD) apiece. Affordable only to major television broadcast studios such as CBS, who purchased three the same year, these machines remained professional devices for several years. http://www.wisegeek.org/who-invented-the-video-camera.htm

14. The complete history of the video camera is contained within only the last century or so, but as with many forms of modern technology, no one person is solely credited as having invented the video camera. John Baird, a Scottish engineer, was one of the earliest pioneers in capturing in the evolution moving images for television production. His experiments were built upon others that had come before him, however , and much of the technology employed of the video camera was built upon his findings. So while it's safe to say that Baird was a pioneer in video camera technology, it is not really fair to say that Baird was the video camera inventor. http://www.wisegeek.org/who-invented-the-video-camera.htm

15. Video cameras designed for personal use, now called camcorders, became available to the general public in the 1980s. These machines were bulky, heavy, and expensive, but proved to be efficient. Building upon technology that had been developed for years, major electronics companies such as Sony and JVC began developing new technology. These companies invented the video camera as it is now known, and the devices were capable of capturing images, sound, and recording to a storage device all in one machine.