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Understanding Viruses: Structure and Functions | An Insight into the World of Viruses

Explore the fundamental characteristics, genetic makeup, and lifecycle of viruses. Learn about viral structure, genome transcription, protein assembly, and cellular infection outcomes. Discover the role of immune responses in combating viral illnesses.

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Understanding Viruses: Structure and Functions | An Insight into the World of Viruses

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Viruses

  2. What is a virus? ‘Infectious particle’ Genetic material Protein coat

  3. Properties of a virus • A virus is a very small, infectious, obligate intracellular parasite • Virus particles are not living • Viruses are chemicals, and by themselves cannot reproduce • A susceptible and permissive cellular host is needed for viruses to reproduce • All viruses must make mRNA that can be translated by host ribosomes

  4. Basic virus structure

  5. Basic virus structure DNA DNA OR OR RNA RNA

  6. Basic virus structure DNA DNA + + OR OR RNA RNA

  7. Basic virus structure DNA DNA Capsid Protein Capsid Protein + + OR OR RNA RNA

  8. Basic virus structure DNA DNA Capsid Protein Capsid Protein + + OR OR RNA RNA

  9. Basic virus structure DNA DNA Nucleocapsid Capsid Protein Capsid Protein + + OR OR RNA RNA

  10. Basic virus structure DNA DNA Nucleocapsid Capsid Protein Capsid Protein + + OR RNA RNA

  11. Basic virus structure DNA DNA = Nucleocapsid Capsid Protein Capsid Protein + + OR RNA RNA

  12. Basic virus structure DNA DNA = Nucleocapsid Capsid Protein Capsid Protein + + OR RNA RNA +

  13. Basic virus structure DNA DNA = Nucleocapsid Capsid Protein Capsid Protein + + OR RNA RNA Lipid membrane + Glycoproteins

  14. Basic virus structure DNA DNA = Nucleocapsid Capsid Protein Capsid Protein + + OR RNA RNA Lipid membrane + Enveloped virus Glycoproteins

  15. Capsid symmetry Icosahedral Helical

  16. Attachment

  17. Attachment: tropism Lock and key

  18. Penetration

  19. Disassembly

  20. Disassembly Viral genome

  21. Transcription Viral genome Viral enzymes mRNA

  22. Translation Viral genome Viral enzymes mRNA Viral proteins

  23. Genome replication Viral genome mRNA Viral proteins

  24. Assembly mRNA Viral proteins

  25. Assembly Viral genome mRNA Viral proteins

  26. Release

  27. Retroviruses

  28. Outcome of cellular infection

  29. Immune response • Cell mediated immunity • Important in the recovery from viral illness • Antibodies • Important in the protection from repeat exposure

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