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Chapter 21

Chapter 21. Absolute Power and the Aristocratic Style. Emotionalism Illusionism Splendor Light and Shade. Movement Religious Fervor Domestic Intimacy (Cunningham 354). Baroque Art. Bernini, David , ca.1623. Bernini, David, ca. 1623

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Chapter 21

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  1. Chapter 21 Absolute Power and the Aristocratic Style

  2. Emotionalism Illusionism Splendor Light and Shade Movement Religious Fervor Domestic Intimacy (Cunningham 354) Baroque Art

  3. Bernini, David, ca.1623

  4. Bernini, David, ca. 1623 http://www.artexpertswebsite.com/artists/bernini.shtml

  5. Bernini, Pluto and Proserpine, 1620-22 http://emp.byui.edu/DavisR/202/202C21.html

  6. http://www.students.sbc.edu/mckinney03/gmm/girardon.htm

  7. Girardon,The Rape of Proserpine, 1677-99, Versaille http://www.students.sbc.edu/mckinney03/gmm/girardon.htm

  8. “Like Bernini, Girardon chose to represent the figures at the height of the story, right at the moment when Pluto grabs Proserpine and a struggle ensues.  However, when comparing the two sculptures it is clear that Girardon is abiding by the rules of French classicism and restrains his figures.  His figures are graceful and fluid.  In the face of Proserpine, we notice a lack of emotion.” http://www.students.sbc.edu/mckinney03/gmm/girardon.htm

  9. Absolutism • “A political theory that encouraged rulers to claim complete sovereignty within their territories.” (Norton 593)

  10. Absolutist Monarchs • Possessed a large standing army • Created a centralized bureaucracy to be in charge of taxation • Kept the nobles under control • adopted expansionist policies—wars, wars, and more wars

  11. Spain

  12. Muslims in Spain, 711-1492, about 800 years

  13. Ferdinand + Isabella

  14. Hapsburg Spain • “Hapsburg” means “hawk’s castle,” now ruins • Under Charles V (1500-58) of Spain, the Hapsburg reached the peak of their power. • Charles V’ “universal monarchy” was a constant menace to France.

  15. (Portrait of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V Seated.  1548 Oil on canvas, 205 x 122 cmAlte Pinakothek, Munich)

  16. Hapsburg Spain • When Charles abdicated (1558), the empire was divided between the Spanish and Austrian lines. The Spanish branch ceased to rule after 1700 and the Austrian branch after 1918. • Philip II (1556-98) of Spain was a dominant emperor in the second half of the 16th century • 1588 the Armada, England won • 1648 Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), signing the Peace of Westphalia afterwards. The Dutch became independent.

  17. France

  18. France vs. England • England: Constitutional Monarchy • France: Absolutism, advocating the divine right of kings

  19. The 17th Century • The Bourbons • Henry IV (1589-1610) • Edict of Nantes (religious tolerance) • Louis XIII (1610-1643) • Cardinal Richelieu (1624-42) • Raison d’état • Centralized government • Louis XIV (1661-1715 ) • Cardinal Mazarin

  20. Louis IV • Known as the Sun King • Represented the height of absolutism: “L’état, c’est moi” • Maintained an extravagant court at Versailles

  21. Rigaud, Louis XIV, 1701, Louvre, Paris http://www.nd.edu/~artslide/europeanart/htmls/euro12.html

  22. Versailles http://web.mit.edu/sdey/www/pictures/paris/versailles/ver.htm

  23. http://web.mit.edu/sdey/www/pictures/paris/versailles/ver.htmhttp://web.mit.edu/sdey/www/pictures/paris/versailles/ver.htm

  24. Bernini, bust of Louis XIV,1665,Versailles http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/b/bernini/gianlore/sculptur/1660/louis14b.html

  25. Versailles • Architect: Louis Le Vau (1612-1670) • Features of the classical baroque style: 1. spatial grandeur 2. dramatic contrast 3. theatrical display

  26. The Louvre

  27. England

  28. England • 1066 the Norman Conquest; origin of the nation state • 1485 Tudor dynasty • Henry VII (1485-1509) • Henry VIII (1509-1547) • Elizabeth I (1558-1603)

  29. England • The Stuart Dynasty • Charles I (1625-1649): an absolutist king, advocating the divine rights of king, having clashes with the parliament • The Puritan Revolution (1642-51): civil war • Oliver Cromwell (1599-1685)

  30. Van Dyck, Charles I of England, c.1635, http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/dyck/i/charles-i.jpg

  31. England • the Restoration • Charles II (1660-85): the Merry Monarch Tories: those who supported the king Whigs: those who opposed the king • James II (1685-1688) • Admired French absolutism Attempted to restore Roman Catholicism

  32. England • The Glorious Revolution (1688-1689) : A peaceful coup of Mary and William • Bill of Rights (1689):Parliament became much stronger than before. Britain turned into a constitutional monarchy. • 1707 the United Kingdom of Great Britain: Scotland + England

  33. The Academic Style • Restraint • Moderation • Decorum (Fiero 535)

  34. The Academic Style • Girardon (1628-1715) • Poussin (1594-1665) • Lorrain (1600-1682)

  35. Girardon, Apollo Attended by the Nymphs, ca. 1666-72, Versailles,http://www.wga.hu/art/g/girardon/apollon.jpg

  36. Poussin, Et in Arcadia Ego, 1637-39http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/p/poussin/2a/23arcadi.html

  37. Poussin: Arcadian Shepherds • Et in Arcadia Ego. → “I [death] also dwell in Arcadia”

  38. Poussin: Arcadian Shepherds • Moral allegory • Pastoral elegy • Memento mori (Fiero 537)

  39. Ideal Landscape • Poussin; Lorrain • a view of nature more beautiful and harmonious than nature itself. • Based on the classical ideals of balance and clarity • often contains classical ruins and pastoral figures in classical dress.

  40. Lorrain, Italian Coastal Landscape, 1642http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/bio/c/claude/biograph.html

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