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Element of UC: Some Opening Thoughts Peter Berman Professor of the Practice of Global Health Systems and Economics Harvard School of Public Health Boston, April 18, 2013. What do we mean by “elements of UC”?. Think about ends and means. Ends: Ultimate Outcomes – Level and Distribution.
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Element of UC: Some Opening Thoughts Peter Berman Professor of the Practice of Global Health Systems and Economics Harvard School of Public Health Boston, April 18, 2013
What do we mean by “elements of UC”? • Think about ends and means
Sessions which follow: ends or means? • Reducing financial burden – end? • Choosing services – means to ends? • Universal enrollment – means to ends? …and UC?
Other important means • Sufficient resources to finance UC • Sufficient supply of health care to deliver UC • Instruments to assure quality, efficiency, access, e.g. • Incentives • Regulation • Consumer knowledge
Still other means (further down the causal chain) • Mechanisms to raise the needed resources – taxation, enrollment and collection of premia/contributions. • Producing inputs for the needed supply – e.g. HRH, drugs and supplies • Information to measure and monitor • System capacity to learn and change – training, policy analysis
What happens when some important means are insufficient to achieve UC? • Choices among means and ends are necessary • Should strategies for means be derived from choices across ends? • Pathways to UC
Balancing Health Outcomes and Financial Risk Protection UHC Emphasize PHC and public health? Health Status Emphasize hospitalization insurance/catastrophic spending? Current Performance Financial Protection
The pathway matters: A and B give different outcomes Health Status UHC A Full coverage level of spend Would different pathways affect choice of services, way to reduce financial burden, emphasis on universality? Increase spending on the road to UHC B Current Performance Starting level of spend Financial Protection
In thinking about “elements” • Lets try to be clear about means and ends • When choices/tradeoffs are needed, make choices about means based on priorities among ends • Consider the ethical basis of these choices and the means and sources of these judgements