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ANNA MAJCHRZYCKA, ZBIGNIEW ZAPAŁOWICZ, AGNIESZKA KUCZYNSKA Department of Heat Engineering

The Polish Experience in PV Applications on the Example of 6 Years 1.1 kW System Operation at the Szczecin University of Technology. ANNA MAJCHRZYCKA, ZBIGNIEW ZAPAŁOWICZ, AGNIESZKA KUCZYNSKA Department of Heat Engineering Szczecin University of Technology POLAND. Observation

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ANNA MAJCHRZYCKA, ZBIGNIEW ZAPAŁOWICZ, AGNIESZKA KUCZYNSKA Department of Heat Engineering

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  1. The Polish Experience in PV Applications on the Example of 6 Years 1.1 kW System Operation at the Szczecin University of Technology ANNA MAJCHRZYCKA, ZBIGNIEW ZAPAŁOWICZ, AGNIESZKA KUCZYNSKA Department of Heat Engineering Szczecin University of Technology POLAND

  2. Observation Yearly electrical energy production by PV- system located on the roof of Department of Heat Engineering (DHE) of Szczecin University of Technologysystematically decreased Goal Evaluation of PV- system exploited in DHE building (Poland)

  3. SZCZECIN POLAND Poland is situated in the Middle Europe on the Northern European Plain, with the northern border at the Baltic Sea and Carpathian Mountains in the south. Poland is located between 49º and 54º30’ N latitudes in a moderate climate zone influenced by both the Atlantic and Continental climate.

  4. Poland

  5. Poland geographic location Middle Europe Latitude: 49°00’ and 54°50’ N Longitude: 14°08’ and 24°09’ E Moderate climate zone

  6. Western Pomeranian Province and Szczecin geographiclocation Latitude: 52°30’ and54°30’ N Longitude: 14° and 17° E

  7. Mean yearly irradiation in PolandMean yearly temperature t=7.9oC,Mean solar hours =1600 h

  8. Winter solstice Sun irradiance I&IVquater II&III quater Summer solstice Radiation intensity, kW/m2 Hours

  9. Polish regions with different conditions for solar energy utilization

  10. Data of commissioned:February 1999 • Location Direction S • Angle of inclination 44°

  11. Photovoltaic panel INVERTER Data monitoring and collecting G R I D Grid connected PV system at SzczecinUniversity ofTechnology

  12. Description of PV installation • 10 solar modules type M110 (Simens) • Modules are connected in two parallel series • Total power of PV system 1100 Wp • System PV co-operated with the Sunny-Boy inverter

  13. Solar module Value Unit Maximum power [PMAX] 110 W Open circuit voltage [UOC] 43,5 V Short-circuit current [ISC] 3,45 A MPP voltage [UMPP] 35,0 V MPP current [AMPP] 3,15 A Length/width [l/w] 1307/652 mm Weight [m] 9,5 kg Source:www.siemens.de Technical parameters of solar module type M110 (Siemens)

  14. The basic characteristic of the system : Industrial grade modules made by well known German corporation, Siemens. Covered with 3mm highly transparent glass to deliver more power and ensures high impact resistance and protection against hail, snow, ice and storms. Siemens M110- Monocrystal, with frame, no lead, 1316x 660x 35, 12V, 110W. The module contains two parallel strings of 72 connected 103x103 mm mono- crystalline silicon solar cells. Siemens M110 solar module has been designed for 12V grid connected applications. The junction box provides a high quality, dust protected and splash proof housing. The housing contains a rigid connection block with cage clamps and by-pass diodes providing“hot spot” protection for the solar cells.

  15. Inverter Value Unit Nominal power [PNOM] 850 W Input voltage [UDC] 125-250 V Output voltage [UAC] 196-253 V Frequency [fAC] 49,8-50,2 Hz Max. efficiency [MAX] 93 % Height/width/thickness [h/w/t] 290/322/180 mm Weight [m] 18,5 kg Technical parameters of inverter type Sunny-Boy SWR 850 Source: http://www.solardyne.com/sunboyswr110.html Sale Price: $1,779.0

  16. Inverter type: Sunny-Boy SWR 850

  17. „Sunny Data” main window

  18. Acquisition system

  19. Measurement parameters • Direct voltage and current generating by PV modules • Voltage and power transmitted to grid • Operating time • Energy production in fixed time • Other electrical parameters

  20. Meteorological stations • Stations of IMiGW in Western Pomeranian Province

  21. Mean monthly sun irradiation– data from meteorological station IMiGW in Kołobrzeg

  22. Mean monthly sun irradiation– data from meteorological station IMiGW in Kołobrzeg

  23. Meteorological station in DHE View of station

  24. Parameters measure by the meteorological station Measurements: • direct and diffuse solar radiation, • pressure, temperature and relative humidity of air, • power and direction of wind, • surface PV module temperature.

  25. Wind velocity sensor • Measuring range - 0 –50 m/s • Accuracy – discrimination threshold 0,5 m/s • Impulse output 20 imp/s = 1 m/s

  26. Wind direction sensor • Resolution - 11,5° • Accuracy - discrimination threshold 0,5 m/s

  27. Sensors of solar radiation • Pyranometrs CM11 produced by Kipp&Zonen • According to the ISO 9060/WMO standards • Secondary standard, high quality • Spectral range (50% points) - 305 – 2800 nm • Sensivity - 4 – 6 μV/W/m2 • Response time (95%) - 12 s

  28. Atmospheric pressure sensor • Measuring range - 850 –1100 hPa • Accuracy - 1 hPa • Resolution - 0,1 hPa

  29. Sensors of solar radiation • Zero offsets: thermal radiation (200 W/m2) – ±7 W/m2 temperature change (5 K/h) – ±2 W/m2 • Non stability (change/year) - ±0,5% • Non linearity (0-1000 W/m2) - ±0,6% • Directional error (at 1000 W/m2) - ±10 W/m2 • Temperature dependence of sensitivity - ±1% (-10 - +40°C) • Tilt response (at 1000 W/m2) - ±0,2%

  30. Sensors of solar radiation View of sensor and shadow ring

  31. Relative air humidity sensor • Measuring range - 30 –98% • Accuracy – 2% in range 30-85% 3% in range 85-98% • Resolution - 0,1%

  32. Meteorological station in DHE View of station

  33. Breakdowns of PV installation PV – system out of order Damage of inverter in following periods: • from 01.11.2001 to 23.03.2002 • from 19.03.2003 to 16.06.2003 Electrical energy was not produced. Breakdowns of acquisition system. Data was not collected in short time. Electrical energy was produced.

  34. Yearly electrical energy production from 1.1 kW PV generator

  35. Measurement parameters • Direct voltage and current generating by PV modules • Voltage and power transmitted to grid • Operating time • Energy production in fixed time • other electrical parameters

  36. Recorder • Type RC12 • Data storage 176 kB of memory • Measurement period 2-60 min • RS connection directly to computer

  37. „Sunny Data” window

  38. „Sunny Data” window

  39. „Sunny Data” window

  40. „Sunny Data” window

  41. „Sunny Data” window

  42. „Sunny Data” window

  43. „Sunny Data” window

  44. 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Monthly electrical energy production from 1.1 kW PV generator

  45. Monthly electrical energy production by pV module in exploitation time 1999-2003

  46. Reasons • Variable weather conditions • Breakdowns • Ageing process of semiconductor elements

  47. 6,15 kWh 5,53 kWh Daily electrical production on 30.04 1999 5,87 kWh 5,34 kWh 2000 5,20 kWh 1,90 kWh 2001 3,73 kWh 5,83 kWh Daily electrical production on 30.05 2002

  48. 6,35 kWh 5,10 kWh Daily electrical production on 30.06 1999 3,01 kWh 2000 1,73 kWh 2000 4,70 kWh 2001 5,70 kWh 2001 5,12 kWh 2002 3,69 kWh Daily electrical production on 30.07 5,69 kWh 2003

  49. 1999 4,49 kWh Daily electrical production on 30.08 2002 4,16 kWh 2003 2,37 kWh

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