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An acid can be defined as a substance that yields hydrogen ions (H + ) when dissolved in water.

An acid can be defined as a substance that yields hydrogen ions (H + ) when dissolved in water. Simple acid naming: If anion name ends with “-ide” Then the acid name is “hydro_______ic acid”. HCl Pure substance, hydrogen chloride Dissolved in water (H + Cl - ), hydrochloric acid.

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An acid can be defined as a substance that yields hydrogen ions (H + ) when dissolved in water.

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  1. An acid can be defined as a substance that yields hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. Simple acid naming: If anion name ends with “-ide” Then the acid name is “hydro_______ic acid”

  2. HCl • Pure substance, hydrogen chloride • Dissolved in water (H+ Cl-), hydrochloric acid

  3. nitric acid HNO3 carbonic acid H2CO3 H2SO4 HClO3 sulfuric acid chloric acid An oxoacid is an acid that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and another element. HNO3 Formula is written with the H first, then the “other element”, then O

  4. To name these, remember your anion names… If the anion ends in “-ate,” the acid ends in “-ic acid” If the anion ends in “-ite,” the acid ends in “-ous acid”

  5. sodium hydroxide NaOH potassium hydroxide KOH Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide A base can be defined as a substance that yields hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. NH3 (ammonia) is also classified as a base. In water, it forms NH4+ (ammonium ion) and OH- (hydroxide)

  6. Hydrates are compounds with a specific number of water molecules attached. • Name compound as usual • Add “hydrate” with the appropriate Greek prefix BaCl2·2H2O barium chloride dihydrate (in this case, the “mono” prefix is always used.)

  7. Chapter 3 • Atomic mass • Avogadro’s number, the mole • Percent composition • Writing and balancing equations • Amounts of reactants and products • Limiting reagents

  8. Atomic mass is the mass of an atom in atomic mass units (amu) amu are sometimes referred to as Daltons (Da) By definition: 1 atom 12C “weighs” 12.00000 amu On this scale 1H = 1.008 amu (roughly 1/12 carbon) 16O = 16.00 amu

  9. But, carbon is 12.01!?!?! Where do these atomic masses on the periodic table come from?

  10. Atomic masses on the periodic table are average atomic masses, over all naturally occurring isotopes Average atomic mass of lithium: Natural lithium is: 7.42% 6Li (6.015 amu) 92.58% 7Li (7.016 amu) 0.0742 x 6.015 + 0.9258 x 7.016 = 6.941 amu

  11. Average atomic mass (6.941)

  12. Pair = 2 The mole (mol) is the amount of a substance that contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in exactly 12.00 grams of 12C 1 mol = NA = 6.0221367 x 1023 Avogadro’s number (NA) Dozen = 12

  13. donuts shoes Molar mass is the mass of 1 mole of in grams elephants atoms 1 mole 12C atoms = 6.022 x 1023 atoms = 12.00 g 1 12C atom = 12.00 amu 1 mole 12C atoms = 12.00 g 12C 1 mole lithium atoms = 6.941 g of Li For any element atomic mass (amu) = molar mass (grams) 3.2

  14. = molar mass in g/mol M NA= Avogadro’s number OR Use dimensional analysis 1 mole atoms = 6.022 x 1023 atoms 1 atom = (atomic mass) amu 1 mole atoms = (atomic mass) g

  15. = molar mass in g/mol M NA= Avogadro’s number 1 mole atoms = 6.022 x 1023 atoms 1 atom = (atomic mass) amu (molar mass) g = 1 mol atoms 1 mol 12C atoms 1 12C atom 12.00 g 6.022 x 1023 atoms 12.00 amu 1 mol 12C atoms

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