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Analysing English Grammar

Analysing English Grammar. Workshop . outline. Where to begin the analysis Relationship between function and form Experiential Meaning Interpersonal Meaning. (multi)functional elements of the clause. Each clause expresses simultaneously 3 main strands of meaning

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Analysing English Grammar

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  1. Analysing English Grammar Workshop

  2. outline • Where to begin the analysis • Relationship between function and form • Experiential Meaning • Interpersonal Meaning

  3. (multi)functional elements of the clause • Each clause expresses simultaneously 3 main strands of meaning • Each of these strands expresses meaning through different functions • Elements of the clause • Simultaneous analysis is impossible for the analyst • We have to impose an order

  4. Where do we start? • IFG (Halliday, 2004): • Textual (clause as message) • Interpersonal (clause as exchange) • Experiential (clause as representation) • Bloor & Bloor (2004): • Interpersonal • Textual • Experiential • Thompson (2004): • Interpersonal • Experiential • Textual • Me? • Experiential • Interpersonal • Textual

  5. Function and form • Structural units • Verbal group • Nominal group • Adverbial group • FunctionalElements • Process • Participants • Circumstances This is only the most common correlation, other groups can be found for these functions

  6. See handout for tables of Participants and Circumstances

  7. Circumstantial elements • optional elements of the clause • peripheral • not directly involved in the process • occur 'freely' in all types of processes (in theory) • for Halliday, they do not have the potential of becoming Subjects participants are "inherent" in the process

  8. Source: Thompson, 2004, p. 127 Patterns in Transitivity              interpretation (discourse analysis) identification (labelling) via patterns  of process types • what are the dominant process types? • why these? • how do the types match with other aspects (e.g. location in the text, appearing in commands vs. statements, etc.)?  of participants • what (groupings of) participants are there? • how do these compare with 'real world' entities and events? • what kinds of participants (e.g. concrete vs. abstract)? • what transitivity role(s) do they have?  of circumstances • what types of circumstances are included, where in the text? • what gets expressed as circumstances rather than in the 'nucleus' (process + participant)?

  9. Analysing experiential meaning • See handout

  10. Function and form • Structural units • Nominal Group • Temporal Verbal Operator • Modal Verbal Operator • FunctionalElements • Subject • Finite

  11. The Mood SystemSource: Thompson p. 58 wh-subj wh- wh-non-subj interrogative yes/no indicative exclamative declarative mood non-exclamative suggestive imperative marked regular imperative unmarked

  12. Labelling Interpersonal Meaning • Identify the Subject • Identify the Finite element • Find any Polarity markers and Modal Adjuncts • Determine the mood based on the relationship between Subject and Finite • Label what is left: Complement (will match onto a Participant, Adjunct (will match onto a Circumstance) • Determine the role of the clause in the exchange

  13. Analysing interpersonal meaning • See handout

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