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Environmental Controls I/IG

Environmental Controls I/IG. Lecture 3 Climate Comfort Strategies Bioclimatic Architecture. Climate. Typical exterior conditions as experienced over several years. Weather. Description of temperatures, humidity, precipitation, wind, and cloudiness. Climate.

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Environmental Controls I/IG

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  1. Environmental Controls I/IG Lecture 3 Climate Comfort Strategies Bioclimatic Architecture

  2. Climate Typical exterior conditions as experienced over several years

  3. Weather Description of temperatures, humidity, precipitation, wind, and cloudiness

  4. Climate Regional climate and local weather affected by the…

  5. (1) Revolution of Earth around Sun … which creates seasonal effects which are further enhanced by the…

  6. (2) Declination of the Earth’s axis …which changes the solar angles. These angle changes and atmospheric conditions affect the… L: p. 130 F 6.8a

  7. (3) Solar Radiation …reaching the earth’s surface. As radiation reaches the surface, convection air loops are formed. These currents are altered by the…

  8. (4) Rotation of the Earth … that forms air currents known as the “prevailing westerlies” and various sea currents. These flow patterns in turn are altered by… Prevailing Westerlies

  9. (5) Surface Characteristics …such as channels, mountains, hills, valleys, and canyons.

  10. Climate Zones North American climate zones were originally perceived as distinct and broad.

  11. Olgyay Bioclimatic Chart Developed to quantify shifts to comfort zone • Adding moisture • Adding ventilation • Adjust MRT • Adjust solar radiation

  12. BioclimaticChart 100ºF/ 10% RH 28 grains H2O/# of air 86ºF/ 30% RH 275 fpm wind 7 grains H2O/# of air 78.3ºF MRT 48ºF/ 40% RH 295 Btuh Radiation

  13. AIA Climate Zones (1980)

  14. Psychrometric Profile Zone 4

  15. Psychrometric Profile Zone 4

  16. Comfort Strategies Approaches to thermal comfort • Technology based • Bioclimatic based

  17. Technology Based Uses conventional mechanical systems as primary thermal comfort strategy

  18. Technology Timeline Pre 1900 Vernacular/ low technology 1906 Air-conditioning 1917 Curtain wall 1934 Thermopane window 1937 Fluorescent lighting 1945 Mass production 1951 Nuclear powered electricity 1972/1978 Energy crises ~1985 Smart technology Bioclimatics 1995+ Technology + bioclimatics

  19. Low Technology & Vernacular

  20. Conventional Technology

  21. Comfort Ventilation

  22. Evaporative Cooling

  23. High Thermal Mass

  24. High Thermal Mass with Night Ventilation

  25. Internal Gains

  26. Humidification

  27. Passive and Active Solar

  28. Strategy Selection 100ºF/ 10% RH Evaporative Cooling High Mass Cooling w/ Night Ventilation 86ºF/ 30% RH Natural Ventilation Evaporative Cooling High Mass Cooling 48ºF/ 40% RH Passive Solar (~1475 Btu/ft2-day)

  29. Bioclimatic Based Uses building form and climate opportunities as initial strategy

  30. Bioclimatic Architecture Climate adaptive • takes advantage of local climate to enhance comfort Climate rejecting • relies primarily on mechanical systems enhance thermal comfort

  31. Climate Adaptive Buildings • Architectural form creates microclimates • Natural ventilation/daylight • Seasonally dynamic • Thermal mass

  32. Climate Rejecting Buildings • Ignore local climate • Primarily use HVAC • Seasonally static • Light weight material

  33. Bioclimatic-Residential • Small scale, low rise, personal user

  34. Bioclimatic-Commercial • Large scale, low, mid and high rise, public user

  35. Bioclimatic-Institutional • High density, low and mid rise, public and personal user

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