James R. Ginder, MS,NREMT,PI,CHES,NCEE Hamilton County Health Department Health Education Specialist www.hamiltoncounty.

1. Muscle Juice Sport Supplement Safety Review By: Brain Clarke, NSCA-CSCS Head Strength Coordinator Noblesville High School James R. Ginder, MS,NREMT,PI,CHES,NCEE Hamilton County Health Department Health Education Specialist www.hamiltoncounty.in.gov

2. The Reader Will Be Able To.. • List three types of supplements. • Recall how to read a supplement label. • Define what a supplement is. • Identify three negative effects of supplement use. • Review other ways to be healthy without the use of supplements.

3. Before You Take A Supplement • Talk to your healthcare provider to see which one fits your needs. • Make sure that you read the label before taking the product. • Overdose could occur if you take too much of a supplement.

4. What Are Sports Supplements? • They are products used to enhance athletic performance that may include: • Vitamins • Minerals • Amino acids • Herbs • Botanicals (plants)

5. What Are Sports Supplements? • Supplements or ergogenic aids, consist of substances, drugs, procedures and even devices that are intended to improve athletic performance. • Some of these substances are naturally occurring, easily available and completely legal while others are manufactured, illegal, or banned by many sporting organizations.

6. History of Supplements • Ergogenic used by athletes to improve athletic performance is not a new practice. • As early as 776 BC, the Greek Olympians used substances, such as mushrooms, dried figs, and strychnine, to enhance performance.

7. Policies On Sport Supplements • Sports organizations have developed policies on sports supplements. • The National Football League (NFL), the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) have banned the use of steroids, ephedra, and androstenedione by their athletes, and competitors who use them face fines, ineligibility, and suspension from their sports.

8. Fairness In Sports • There is concern about the fairness regarding ergogenic aids, especially supplements, because using them gives the athlete an unfair advantage. • This violates the spirit of fair play in athletics. • The American Academy of Pediatrics state, “The intentional use of any substance for performance enhancement is unfair and, therefore, morally and ethically indefensible” .

9. American Academy Of Pediatrics • The American Academy of Pediatrics cautions that using supplements may undermine proper nutrition, coaching and training. • If someone takes a supplement, they may think it is “OK” to use that instead of good old sweat and hard work. This sends the wrong message to kids.

10. National Federation Of State High School Associations • The National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) strongly recommends that student athletes consult with their doctor before taking any supplement.

11. Why Do Teens Take Performance-enhancing Supplements? • Some teens experiment with performance-enhancing supplements as a way to cope with insecurities, the difficulties of fitting in with a group of peers or a desire for independence. • Others may be influenced by societal pressure to win at all costs.

12. Why Do Teens Take Performance-enhancing Supplements? • Common risk factors for teen use of performance-enhancing supplements include: • A desire to gain muscle mass or strength • A negative body image or a tendency to compare one's appearance with others • Pressure from parents or peers regarding weight or muscles • Being male — boys are more likely to use performance-enhancing drugs than are girls

13. Supplements And FDA • Sports supplements are considered a dietary supplement. • Dietary supplements do not require U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval before they come on the market. • Supplement manufacturers do have to follow the FDA's current good manufacturing practices to ensure quality and safety of their product though.

14. Examples Of Supplements • Amino Acids • Androstendione • Caffeine • Creatine • Fat Burners • Nitric Oxide • Protein powder • Yohimbe

15. Amino Acids • Are the building blocks of protein. • Twenty amino acids are needed to build the various proteins used in the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. • Eleven of these amino acids can be made by the body itself, while the other nine (called essential amino acids) must come from the diet. • Foods of animal origin and plants are the richest dietary sources of essential amino acids.

16. Amino Acids • Amino acids improve endurance, physical fitness and build muscle mass. • If a person would like to build more muscle mass, they should eat foods high in amino acids. • Taking too much amino acid supplement can cause major health effects on the body.

17. Side Effects Of Amino Acids • Restlessness, anxiety • Rapid heartbeat • If you have liver or kidney disease, Amino Acids supplements should never be taken. • Depression (Stress-related tension) • Muscle aches

18. Side Effects Of Amino Acids • Nausea • Diarrhea • Headache • Possible stroke • Weakness and fatigue • Bleeding

19. Androstenedione • Androstenedione(andro) is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, ovaries and testes. • It is a hormone that is normally converted to testosterone and estradiol in both men and women.

20. Androstenedione • Manufacturers and bodybuilding magazines tout its ability to allow “athletes to train harder and recover more quickly”. • However, its use as a performance-enhancing drug is illegal in the United States.

21. Side Effects Of Androstenedione • Side effects of andro in men include: • Acne • Diminished sperm production • Shrinking of the testicles • Enlargement of the breasts • In women, side effects include: • Acne • Masculinization, such as deepening of the voice and male-pattern baldness • In both men and women, andro can decrease HDL cholesterol (the "good" cholesterol), which puts you at greater risk of heart attack and stroke.

22. Caffeine • Caffeine is a stimulant drug that is widely used to improve both high intensity and endurance exercise performance. • Caffeine stimulates muscle contraction more effectively. • Caffeine can be found in many types of supplements.

23. Caffeine Is Used For • “Enhanced endurance exercise performance” • Enhanced sprint/short-term exercise performance • Enhanced metabolic rate • Increased rate of fat metabolism • Enhanced fat loss • Improved short-term mental function

24. Side Effects Of Caffeine • Insomnia • Nervousness and restlessness • Stomach irritation • Nausea and vomiting • Increased heart rate, respiration and blood pressure • Stroke

25. Side Effects Of Caffeine • Headache, anxiety • Agitation • Chest pain • Ringing in the ears • Death

26. Creatine • People who take creatine usually take it to improve strength, but the long-term and short-term effects of creatine use haven't been studied in teens and kids. • Researchers found no effect on athletic performance in nearly a third of athletes studied.

27. Creatine • Creatine is manufactured by the body in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. • It also occurs naturally in foods such as meat and fish. • Creatine supplements are available over the counter, and teens make up a large portion of the supplement's users.

28. Creatine Side Effects • The most common side effects of creatine supplements include: • Weight gain • Muscle cramps • Diarrhea and abdominal pain • People with kidney problems should not use creatine because it may affect kidney function. • The American College of Sports Medicine recommends that people younger than 18 years old do not use creatine.

29. Fat Burners • Known as thermogenics were often made with an herb called ephedra, also known as ephedrine or ma huang, which acts as a stimulant and increases metabolism. • Evidence has shown that it can cause heart problems, stroke, and occasionally even death. • Because athletes and others have died using this supplement, ephedra has been taken off the market.

30. Fat Burners • Since the ban, "ephedra-free" products have emerged, but they often contain ingredients with ephedra-like properties, including bitter orange or country mallow. • Similar to ephedra, these supplements can cause high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, and seizures.

31. Nitric Oxide • Taken in powder or pill from • Taken to gain muscle mass • This supplement is used for “faster recovery” from workouts • “Better Endurance”

32. What Does Nitric Oxide Do • Nitric oxide signals the blood vessels to expand, thereby increasing the flow of blood to muscles.  • With increased blood flow, the muscles are provided with greater amounts of nutrients, protein, and valuable oxygen. 

33. Side Effects Of Nitric Oxide • Excessive bleeding • Low blood pressure • Diarrhea • Weakness • Nausea • Headaches

34. Side Effects Of Nitric Oxide • Water retention • Increased heart rate & palpitations • Fatigue • Skin irritations • Dry mouth • Kidney damage

35. Protein Powders • Protein powders that are available on the market are made from either: • Egg • Soy • Whey • Rice • Organic whey protein powder is widely available too. • People consume protein powder after mixing it in water, milk or a fruit juice, or they add the protein powder to breakfast cereals, soups or other foods.

36. Side Effects Of Protein Powder • Consumption of excess protein powder can turns the blood acidic in nature. • Kidney damage • Liver damage • Allergic reaction

37. Side Effects Of Protein Powder • Bloating • Ketosis (body can not absorb carbs) • Nausea, vomiting • Death • Some protein powders may contain metals which can cause health problems

38. Yohimbe • Yohimbe bark is a product of a type of tree that can be found in the African Countries of Gabon, Cameroon, and Zaire. • The bark of the yohimbe tree contains a chemical known as yohimbine, which is utilized to create a variety of supplements.

39. Yohimbine • Yohimbine works by increasing the blood flow and neural signals to the male and female reproductive organs. • It is additionally used for increasing athletic capability for: • Losing weight • Preventing fatigue

40. Side Effects Of Yohimbine • Kidney failure • Paralysis • Severe anxiety • Seizure • High or low blood pressure • Heart attacks • Abnormal heart beat (rhythm) • Dizziness • Stomach problems

41. What To Look For In “Safe Supplements” • It is important to check supplement labels for a seal of approval from a legitimate, independent (third-party) company. • These independent companies contract with supplement manufacturers to assess and verify the purity and content of their products.

42. What To Look For • If supplements do not have a seal of approval, then they either have not been analyzed by an independent company or they have not met an independent company’s standards. Seal

43. What To Look For • Many supplements have labels that falsely appear to contain seals of approval, e.g., “GNC Approved.” • However, in many cases, these seals are not from independent testing companies.

44. Supplement Use Or Not Use • There are many ergogenic aids that are safe and effective, but others can be harmful and even fatal. • Most of the research conducted on performance-enhancing supplements has been done on adults; research on the teen population is limited. • Children and teens should be discouraged from using any ergogenic aids.

45. To Protect Your Body And Your Wallet, Be Wary Of Any Supplements That • Boasts that it is quick and easy • Uses testimonials from "real users" to promote its benefits • Claims it's right for everyone

46. To Protect Your Body And Your Wallet, Be Wary Of Any Supplements That • State it has been used for millions of years • Belittles the medical or scientific community • Has a secret formulation

47. How To Report A Potential Problem With A Supplement • To report a health product you believe is advertised falsely, contact the Federal Trade Commission at 1-877-FTC-HELP (1-877-382-4357) or online at ftc.gov/complaint • To report a fraudulently labeled product, call your local FDA office www.fda.gov/Safety/ReportaProblem/ConsumerComplaintCoordinators/default.htm

48. What You Can Do To Stay Healthy • Make downtime a priority • Learn to relax. • Eat healthy foods • Sleep at least eight hours a day • Eat often • Avoid harmful substances • Train harder and smarter • Consult a professional

49. What Can Parents Do? • Discuss ethics and proper training • Be clear about your expectations • Get involved • Monitor your teen's purchases • Talk to your child’s coach • Talk to the school’s athletic trainer

50. Supplement Information To Look Up A Supplement, Click On The Mouse Below