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Li6 Prosodic Phonology

Li6 Prosodic Phonology. Today’s points. Phonological rules and constraints make reference to prosodic categories (syllable, mora, foot, stress, etc.) they also can provide evidence for the precise inventory of syllables, etc. in a given language

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Li6 Prosodic Phonology

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  1. Li6 Prosodic Phonology

  2. Today’s points • Phonological rules and constraints make reference to prosodic categories (syllable, mora, foot, stress, etc.) • they also can provide evidence for the precise inventory of syllables, etc. in a given language • Prosodic phenomena show many of the same processes as other autosegmental phenomena (spreading, delinking, etc.)

  3. The Minimal Word • Reduplication in African French (common across Niger to Mali) • Saying the price of something twice means “so much per item” • cinquante cinquante ‘50 francs per item’ • Minimal Word effect: • dix francs dix francs ‘10 per’, not *dix dix • cent francs cent francs ‘100 per’, not *cent cent • vingt-cinq vingt-cinq ‘25 per’, not *vingt-cinq francs vingt-cinq francs • Osaka Japanese • Tigranakert Armenian verbs

  4. Reduplication • Ilokano • Mokilese • Marshallese

  5. Ilokano root reduplicated form gloss a. basa agbasbasa read adal agadadal study dait (2 σ) agdadait sew takder agtaktakder standing trabaho agtrabtrabaho work b. klase klasklase class kaldiŋ kalkaldiŋ goat pusa puspusa cat Hypotheses: • copy first X segments • copy first X syllables • copy everything

  6. Mokilese root reduplicated form gloss kas kaskas throw poki pokpoki beat wadek wadwadek read pdok pdpdok plant pa pāpa weave diar dīdiar find

  7. Marshallese base ‘wear X’ gloss a. wit witwit flower hat hathat hat wač wačwač watch b. riyig riyigyig ring ĵehet ĵehethet shirt kagir kagirgir belt

  8. Truncations • normal pattern (truncate R) • Catherine  Cath, Cathy • Lester  Les, not *Lest (cf. frus) • Truncate L side: • [fre]shmen, [we]blog, [atti]tude, [Hurri]Canes, [po]taters • [mu]shroom, [hy]dro (type of ganja), [be]tween[ager], [a]fro, [tele]phone, [hair]do-rag • subtleties: • Montgomery  Monty not *Montgy • Victoria  Vicky, not *Victy • streptococcus  strep (*strept)

  9. Do-rag

  10. Armenian hypocoristics full name nickname aĵ aĵo vard vardo mariam maro mkrtič mko stepan tepo andranik ando arnak arno bagrat bago

  11. Deriving hypocoristics 4 σ a n d - o incorporate the -o morpheme σ + -o underlying form of the Armenian nickname morpheme 1 σ+ -o a n d r a n i k map base name to syllable template L→R 2 5 σσ a n d - o resyllabify 1 3 2 σ+ -o a n d r a n i k delete unsyllabified base material 3 x x x x x

  12. Prosodic Circumscription • requirement that morphological processes only apply to forms meeting certain prosodic requirements (e.g. minimal word).

  13. P.C. in Ulwa • Nicaragua; Hale and Lacayo Blanco 1988 base possessed form gloss a. al alka man bas baska hair kī kīka stone b. sana sanaka deer amak amakka bee sapā sapāka forehead c. sūlu sūkalu dog kuhbil kuhkabil knife baskarna baskakarna comb d. siwanak siwakanak root anālāka anākalāka chin karasmak karaskamak knee

  14. Some practice

  15. Yidiñ reduplication singular plural gloss mulari mulamulari initiated man tjukarpa tjukartjukarpa-n unsettled mind kintalpa kintalkintalpa lizard species kalampaRa kalakalampaRa March fly

  16. Japanese hypocoristics Name Nickname ti tii-čaN syuusuke syuu-čaN yoosuke yoo-čaN taizoo tai-čaN kiNsuke kiN-čaN midori mii-čaN ~ mit-čaN ~ mido-čaN wasaburoo waa-čaN ~ wasa-čaN ~ sabu-čaN

  17. Manam base reduplicant gloss salaga salagalaga long moita moitaita knife ?arai ?arairai ginger species la?o la?ola?o go malaboŋ malabomboŋ flying fox ?ulan ?ulanlaŋ desire

  18. Kinande ku-gulu-gulu real leg mu-twe-mu-twe real head mw-ana-mw-ana real child m-buli-m-buli real sheep n-dwa-n-dwa-n-dwa real wedding swa-swa-swa real cabbage [tu-gotseri: no RED] *real sleepiness

  19. Japanese rustic girls’ names Name rustic nickname Yuu-ko o-Yuu RaN-ko o-RaN Yuki-ko o-Yuki Kinu-e o-Kinu Midori o-Mido

  20. Luganda hypocoristics • Katamba 1995:249 • How are the tones and segments assigned? full name hypocoristic Nàmúsóké Náàmú Nákíjóbáà Náàkí Sékásózì Séèká Gòdìfùlé Góòdí Sàmwéèlí Sáàmú Kàtéégáyáà Káàté Kyòòtónnályáà Kyóòtó

  21. Sanskrit reduplicated aorist • Whitney 1889:309ff • green = base • blue = reduplicant • How does the reduplication work? • Prefix or suffix? • Short or long vowel? • Prediction for CCVCC roots? • a-rī-riş-am, a-dū-duş-am • a-či-kşip-am, a-ti-tras-am • a-di-dīkş-am, a-da-dakş-am, a-da-dhāv-am

  22. Conclusions • Independence of prosodic and segmental structure • Part of the theory of autosegmental phonology • Phonological rules and constraints can be sensitive to prosodic structure • Morphemes do not always have segmental content; they may just be prosodic templates

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