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Alfred Hitchcock

“A good film is when the price of the dinner, the theatre admission and the babysitter were worth it.”. Alfred Hitchcock. BCIS 3615 The Visual Display of Business Information. Introduction to Video. Popular Mechanics, April 1928. Brief History of Video.

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Alfred Hitchcock

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  1. “A good film is when the price of the dinner, the theatre admission and the babysitter were worth it.” Alfred Hitchcock

  2. BCIS 3615The Visual Display of Business Information Introduction to Video Popular Mechanics, April 1928

  3. Brief History of Video 1920’s: First technology experiments 1927:The Jazz Singer with sound 1930’s: Early formal broadcasts (UK, Germany, France, USA) 1946: TV boom in USA 1950: Cable television (PA, OR) 1953: First color broadcasts

  4. Brief History of Video 1956: Video tape 1962: Telstarsatellite 1980’s: Multimedia PCs emerge 1996: 1+ billion TVs worldwide* 1996: WRAL-HD 1st HDTV station (Raleigh, NC) 1997: DVD

  5. Sample Early Video Broadcast RCA in New York, 1926 A rotating ceramic statue of Felix the Cat, 2 inches high, 60 lines per screen

  6. Sample Early UK Video Sept. 1927 Phonovision, by John Baird, 1928

  7. Hollywood Adds Sound to Movies The Jazz Singer, 1927

  8. Hollywood Sound Growing Pains From silent to talking pictures - Singing in the Rain (1952).mpg

  9. RCA Phantom Teleceiver NY World’s Fair, 1939

  10. Global TV Standards NTSC SECAM PAL PAL-M 1948 1957 1961 1964

  11. Aspect Ratios

  12. Aspect Ratio Display Aspect Ratio (DAR), e.g., 4 : 3, 16 : 9 Pixel Aspect Ratio (PAR), e.g, 640 x 480, 1080 x 720

  13. Aspect Ratio in the Theatre BF Keith Memorial Theatre, Boston

  14. Display Aspect Ratio The Great Train Robbery (1903) How film appears on screen Old film and TV standard is 4 x 3 (1.33 : 1)

  15. Growth of USA TV Ownership Hollywood starts to panic

  16. Wide Screen Processes Anamorphic (squeeze / unsqueeze)(2.35 : 1) “CinemaScope” 1953 Aperture masks (“hard matte”) (up to 1.85 : 1) 1953 Rotation (sideways 35 mm image) (ex., 1.5 : 1) “Vistavision” 1954 Larger film size (70 mm) (2.76 : 1) 1959

  17. Anamorphic Lens Example 2.35 : 1 1.33 : 1 2.35 : 1

  18. Anamorphic Lens Example 1.33 : 1 The Robe (1953)

  19. Rotation: VistaVision White Christmas (1954)

  20. 70mm: Ben-Hur (1959)

  21. 2.65 : 1 for Movie Theater Laurence of Arabia (1962)

  22. 1.33 : 1 for Television Laurence of Arabia (1962)

  23. Widescreen Truncated on TV McLintock! (1963)

  24. The TV Industry Response: Display Format Changes

  25. Movie Format Changes for TV Pan and scan format: moves the video camera back and forth across the widescreen film when taping it Letterbox format:shows everything, but in reduced size

  26. Pan and Scan: The Long, Hot Summer 1958) Lee Remick Paul Newman Joanne Woodward Newman role reduced, R to L scan

  27. Letterbox Example

  28. Letterbox Example

  29. But, the Solutions are Imperfect • Pan and scan format: • shows the most important action • uses all the TV screen • 30 to 60 percent of the movie is still lost • Letterbox format: • shows everything in reduced size • uses part of the TV screen • 30 to 60 percent of the screen is wasted

  30. The Director’s Message is Changed

  31. The Current Solution: Large HD Television

  32. Large, High-PAR, High-Lumen Displays • DAR changed from 4 : 3 to 16 : 9 • Displays can be large • LCD screens • Digital projection • Pixel densities can be high • Color can be brilliant

  33. HD Technology

  34. Digital Versatile / Video Disk (DVD) • Replaces • CD-ROM (also supported by player) • Audio CD (also supported by player) • Laser videodisc • Offers support for 4 x 3 DAR • Maximizes HD with 16 x 9 DAR and high computer PAR

  35. 4.7 GB (clear layer) 8.5 GB (dual layer; = 13 CDs) 9.4 GB (one layer) 17 GB (dual layer; = 26 CDs) 133 min. MPEG-2 5-channel Dolby DSS CD-ROM versus DVD Capabilities 650 / 800 MB Single-sided 19 min. of video Stereo (2-channel)

  36. The Visible Light Spectrum Thompson Higher Education 2007

  37. Natural Light versus Laser Light Encarta 2004

  38. Natural Light Wave Lengths Thompson Higher Education 2007

  39. Red, Red-Orange Laser Technologies Sony (10/98)

  40. Hollywood Again: DVD Regions

  41. Digital Screen Scanning not Standard • TV 425 lines at 4 x 3 DAR • HD Specs at 16 x 9 DAR • 720 x 1280 i PAR • 720 x 1280 p PAR (Most HD TV) • 1080 x 1920 i PAR (Some HD TV) • 1080 x 1920 p PAR (Blue-Ray DVD)

  42. Screen Scanning • Interlaced (i) • Less signal bandwidth required • Alternate even / odd scanning • Larger screen sizes will show flicker • Progressive (p) • More bandwidth required • Entire screen scanned at once

  43. Blue Laser DVD: Already Obsolete? • Now: 2 layers, 25GB • Future: 16 layers, 500 GB • But what about flash memory • Fast, fast, fast • No HW player • No moving parts • Doesn't scratch • Memory prices dropping rapidly

  44. Short Lives of Video Technologies 1980 – 1995: VHS, CD 1995 – 2007: DVD 2007 – 2010: Blu-ray, HD DVD 2010 – ? ? ? ?:Static Memory

  45. “Never judge a book by its movie." J.W. Eagan

  46. Lossy Video File Types .AVI: Video for Windows .MOV: Quick Time .DV: Digital Video (cameras, etc.)

  47. Lossy Video File Types Motion Pictures Experts Group • MPEG-1: low-quality VHS video • MPEG-2: high-quality video (SVHS, DVD, HD) • MPEG-3: sound only • MPEG-4: MPEG-2 variant, non-standar

  48. End of Section Introduction to Video

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