Market Requirements as it relates to Pesticides Residues

1. Market Requirements as it relates to Pesticides Residues • Risk Criteria • Gusland McCook – Gmcook@Ciboj.org 2. Traceability in the productive chain Gail Nelson- Gneslon@ciboj.org October 2006

2. To understand the issue of Pesticide Residues from a global perspective To understand the issue of Traceability as it relates to food safety Participants to formulate their own strategy in informing their stakeholders OBJECTIVES

3. DANGERS OR HARM FOR WHOM?

4. WHO DEFINES THE RISK CRITERIA OF A PESTICIDE? 1. World Health Organization WHO/- FAO Oral and skin toxicity criteria for the operator, toxological classification 2. Multi-lateral Agreements Toxological criteria for operators, health (internal) & the environment 3. Certifications & Seals Toxological criteria for the operator, health (internal) & the environment, based on multi-lateral agreements (2.) 4. Importer countries of coffee Criteria for Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs)according to national law

5. 1. World Health Organization / WHO - FAO Oral & dermal toxicity criteria for the operator • Risk example, a person of 132 lbs (60 kg) • With 5 mg/kg oral solid ~ 0.3 grams (50% probability) • With 40 mg/kg dermal liquid ~ 2.4 grams (50% probability)

6. 1. World Health Organization/ WHO - FAO Oral & dermal toxicity criteria for the operator Ia. Ib. Aldicarb Captafol Disulfoton Ethoprophos Terbufos Dichlorvos Carbofuran Oxamyl Warfarin

7. 1. World Health Organization/ WHO - FAO Oral & dermal toxicity criteria for the operator II. 2,4-D, Paraquat, Chlorpyrifos, Cypermetrina, Cyflutrina, DDT, Deltametrina, Endosulfan, Tetraconazole,

8. 2. MULTI-LATERAL AGREEMENTS • ROTTERDAM AGREEMENT/PIC = Prior Informed Consent • VIGILANCE AND CONTROL OF DETERMINED DANGEROUS CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. • PAN (Pesticide Action Network UK / PAN UK) • NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL ACTIONS ON HEALTH TOPICS, ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT, TO ELIMINATE THE RISKS OF PESTICIDES. • ESTOCOLMO AGREEMENTS / POPs = Persistent Organic Pollutants → May 2004 • 12 CHEMICALS: 8 PESTICIDES; 7 PESTICIDES SET FOR ELIMINATION. • LRTAP AGREEMENT = Long-range Trans-boundary Air Pollution → 1998 / EUROPE • 11 PESTICIDES, 2 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS, 3 BY-PRODUCTS OR CONTAMINANTS • (www.pic.int)

9. 3. Certification Seals • Take the toxicity criteria of the operators health (internal) and the environment for: • PAN UK initiative (“Dirty Dozen”). • WHO groups Ia. & Ib. • It is a voluntary adherence of the farm for certification or seal.

10. 3. Certification & Seals

11. 3. Certifications & Seals

12. 4. Importer countries • Maximum Limit Residues Criteria (MRL) in food (coffee, cereals, milk, honey, etc) • Definition & control by the health authorities of the importer countries • Protection of the health of the consumers (food-safety)

13. 4. Importer Countries • THE CASE OF JAPAN • BACKGROUND • An alert came from Japan on the presence of pesticides residues in coffee green bean coming from Latin American countries in 2005. • New law on pesticides residues in prime alimentary and food materials (29 May 2006)

14. 4. Importer Countries • THE HEALTH AUTHORITIES POSITION IN JAPAN • Japanese law on the Regulation of Agro-chemicals (Article 1-2, Paragraph 1): fungicides, insecticides & other chemical products for the control of pests. In green bean coffee, they have defined maximumresidues levels (MRLs) for approximately 140 listed pesticides. • The health authorities take samples in Japanese ports. This procedure will be done with all food products and prime feeding materials which enters a Japanese port.

15. 4. Importer countries Concepts in the MRLs - “Tolerance” • Maximum quantity of residues of a pesticide, on a determined product and which has been admitted by eating legislation for their commercialization, which can cause damage to the health of the consumer. • MRL’s expressed in “ppm” = Parts Per Million

16. 4. Importer countries ANNEX 3 – Positive List Japan The list of maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticide in green coffee beans

17. THEREFORE, WHAT LINE SHOULD WE FOLLOW? 1. World Health Organization/ WHO- FAO Oral and dermal toxicity criteria for the operator, toxological classification. 2. Multi-lateral country agreements toxicity criteria for the operator, health (internal) & the environment 4. Importer countries of coffee Maximum Residue Levels (MRL’s) by national laws 3. Certifications & Seals Toxicity criteria for the operator, health (internal) & the environment

18. REGISTRATION & DOCUMENTATION

19. 2. TRACEABILITY IN THE COFFEE CHAIN

20. WHAT IS TRACEABILITY? “ It is the aptitude to determine the history, use or localization of an entity through the means of registered identifications” (ISO 8420) Traceability: It Begins & Ends

21. The objective of traceability is that the chain of provision is visible from the farm up to the consumer It will improve the image and the characterization of the products It favours commercialization. Security of the consumers.

22. WHY DO WE NOW SPEAK SO MUCH ABOUT TRACEABILITY? • Demands from consumers (1996, mad cow disease). • Commercial treaties • Food Security Policies: “food safety” (case of Japan). • Responsibility of all the players within the supply chain of a product (coffee). • Fulfillment of the security conditions that are necessary to offer to the consumers (food safety).

23. NECESSITIES In order for us to have traceability in our processes/products it is fundamental to establish a series of steps: • Traceability requirements: • Individual identification of all the parties in the complete process. • Systematization in the process of data capture (Registration). • Access to information that is clear and dependable in order to respond to any complaint.

24. TRACEABILITY ¨LOOKING AHEAD¨ & ¨LOOKING BACK¨ What? : Record the arrival or destination of the product. To Whom?: Record from whom you have received or to whom you have sent product. When?:Record the date on which the product was received or sent. Information: Record some information of traceability which helps to decrease risk for both producer and consumer.

25. INTERNAL TRACEABILITY • Data from the Process: Records of the pesticides programme, records of the operations and practices in the coffee management. • Information on the Product: characteristics of the region, harvesting period, climatic conditions during production. • Data of Origin:General data of the farm, intermediaries, mixtures. • Commercial data:Data from the exporter, type & quality, quantity & presentation, etc.

26. CRITICAL POINTS FOR CONTROL IN ORDER TO AVOID PESTICIDES RESIDUES Processing Primary Production Wet and Dry Pulping Exportation

27. RECOMMENDATIONS TO PREVENT PESTICIDES RESIDUES Primary Production • Preventative Measures: • Use pesticides only when you are not able to apply other control measures efficiently. • Select the appropriate pesticides for use. • Use only pesticides recommended for the cultivation.

28. RECOMMENDATIONS TO PREVENT PESTICIDES RESIDUES Wet and Dry pulping • Preventative Measures: • Ensure that coffee is adequately washed. • Clean all vehicles in which coffee is to be transported. • Avoid storing coffee in places close to agri-chemicals. • Avoid the use of pesticides when coffee is in storage.

29. RECOMMENDATIONS TO PREVENT PESTICIDES RESIDUES • Preventative Measures: • Review the cleaning records and the place of arrival of cargos. • Monitor voluntarily so as to verify that pesticides residues do not exceed the MRLs, indicated by the standards of the importer countries. Exportation

30. WHAT PURPOSE DOES THE DOCUMENTATION AND REGISTRATION PROCESS SERVE? • Improves Credibility. • React to a residue problem, among other things. • Create a database. • Demonstrate that you have put attention to a particular risk, in a form to avoid it or to eliminate it. • Facilitate accreditation processes. Records must be simple and verifiable