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Ochre Pelletising for Phosphate Removal from Sewage Effluent

This article discusses the process of pelletising ochre for removing phosphate from sewage effluent. It includes lab results, micrographs, and trial data, as well as information on pellet requirements and equipment used.

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Ochre Pelletising for Phosphate Removal from Sewage Effluent

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  1. Ochre Pelletising and use for phosphate Removal from sewage effluent 2nd February 2005 Jonathan Aumônier

  2. Introduction • Pelletising Process • Lab results – phosphate removal • Micrographs • Windlestone trial • Planned work

  3. Requirements for Pellets • Physical Strength – (Crush and handling) • Resistance to degredation in water • Resistance to degredation through biological activity • Size • Retained Reactivity of Ochre • Retained Phosphate Capacity • High Porosity • No “Film” or “Matrix” Binder System • No Leaching of metals

  4. Extrusion Trial ‘Z’ Blade Mixer-Extruder Cutting Extruded Product Mixer Blades

  5. Pan Pelletising

  6. Pan Pelletising Water & Liquid Binder Powder Feed Pan Angle Θ Product Θ Rotational Speed ω Small Pellets Water & Liquid Binder Powder Feed Large Pellets

  7. Pelletising Equipment Dust Extraction Vibrating Hopper 70cm Diameter Pelletising Pan Variable Speed Helical Feed Screw ASDA Washing-up Bowl

  8. Ochre Sources and use Skinningrove - initial physical test Silwood - MScs - 1st Nafferton Farm trial Acomb - Current lab work - 2/3 of Windlestone pellets - Some to Leitholm Polkemet - 1/3 of windlestone pellets - Leitholm Horden - 1/3 of Leitholm - ESL Nafferton Farm - Stock of pellets

  9. Phosphate remover from solution with varying initial P – after 24 hours P removed (mg/l) Initial P (mg/l) Data from Lawrence Bowden

  10. Rate of phosphate sorption Phosphate load on pellets (mg_P/g) Time (s) Data from Lawrence Bowden

  11. Rapid P Sorption tests Feed Concentration 1 mg/l P Solution Concentration (mg/l P) Residence time (s) Data from Frances Brett

  12. Phosphate removed from solution with varying ionic strength of KCl 100% % Removal 80% Molar strength of solution KCl Data from Lawrence Bowden

  13. Ochre pellet before reaction with phosphate solution x100

  14. Ochre pellet before reaction with phosphate solution x800

  15. Ochre pellet after reaction with phosphate solution x65

  16. Ochre pellet after reaction with phosphate solution x100

  17. Windlestone trial details(Horizontal Flow) • Feed taken from site final effluent • Initial rate 2.7 m3/hr reduced to 0.75 m3/hr • 0.96 m3 of pellets • Contact time 7½min increased to 24 min • Sampled input and output every 25 hr

  18. Windlestone trial details(Vertical Flow) • Feed taken from site final effluent • Flow Rate 0.75 m3/hr • 0.88 m3 of pellets • Mean contact time 90 second (unsaturated flow) • Mean contact time 25 minutes (fully saturated flow) • Sampled input and output every 25 hr

  19. Ochre pellet reaction vessel: Windlestone WWTW – Horizontal Flow Effluent percolates through ochre Inflow Outflow Gravel Images: Jonathan Aumônier Slide: Kate Heal

  20. Final STW Sump at Windlestone Outlet from Trial Inlet for Trial

  21. Mono – Progressive Cavity Pump

  22. Results for Windlestone Trial(Horizontal Flow) Feed Phosphate Mg/l P Removal Fraction Date

  23. Windlestone spot resultsResults from samples after maintenance to clear the overflow

  24. Ochre pellet reaction vessel: Windlestone WWTW – Vertical Flow Inlet Pipe From Pump In-line Strainer Inlet Sample Line Spray Bars

  25. Spray Bar Inlet - 0.75 m3/hr 500mm Saturated Zone U Bend Outlet Ochre pellet reaction vessel: Windlestone WWTW – Vertical Flow

  26. Results for Windlestone Trial(Vertical Unsaturated Flow) 0.75 m3/hr mean residence time 90 sec Feed Phosphate Mg/l P Removal Fraction Date Mean Removal 26%

  27. Planned Work • Continue Windlestone trial with saturated flow • More locations • Laboratory tests on ochres and binders • Laboratory continual flow trials

  28. Flow Columns in the Lab

  29. Ochre pellet after reaction with phosphate solution x65

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