SWITCH Pilot Training: ICLEI/WEDC 28 th to 29 th July 2010

1. Managing Water Supply and Demand in Entebbe By : Harrison Mutikanga NWSC SWITCH Pilot Training: ICLEI/WEDC 28th to 29th July 2010

2. Presentation Outline • Introduction • Managing Water Supply • Managing Demand • Future Challenges • Conclusions

3. Introduction ENTEBBE MUNICIPALITY • Located on a peninsular into Lake Victoria • Total Area = 56.2 Km2 (20 Km2 is water ) • 55,086 people (2002 Census) • Population growth rate is estimated to be 2.2%

4. Water Management • NWSC is responsible for water supply and sewerage services in Entebbe • Estimated population in service area – 215,000 (2009) and about 70% is served • Popn. growth rate for service area is about 5% and is projected to reach 289,000 in 2015.

5. Water Management • Source: Lake Victoria • Treatment – Conventional (coagulation, filtration, disinfection) • Daily Production is 10,700 m3/day • Number of Service Connections is 16,000 • Sewerage is very limited to about 4%

6. Water Demand Management • Supply-Side Demand Management • Leakage management by NWSC • Demand-Side Management • Metering – universal metering • Pricing–Ushs 1,585 per m3 (Euro 0.6) for domestic • Emphasis on water conservation and efficient use in Uganda is less compared to energy-demand management probably due to abundant water resources • Enough water resources but lack of infrastructure to make use of it

7. Water Demand Management • Sustainable Cities: meet the water needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. • Is Entebbe a sustainable city w.r.t water supply???

8. Water Demand Management • House Conns.- 150 l/c/d • Yard Taps – 40 l/c/d • Stand pipe – 20 l/c/d Source: Beller Consult GmbH, 2003

9. How does Entebbe Compare with? • USA – 376-753 l/c/d • England & Wales – 145 l/c/d • Germany – 130 l/c/d • There is potential for high income households to reduce further their demand by atleast 20 l/c/d • With 14,216 HH of mean size 3.8 (2002 Census), and using 9% as high income, water savings of about 35 Ml/year would be realized, enough to serve about 5,000 poor people using stand pipes Source: Thornton et al., 2008

10. Entebbe Needs New approaches • Paradigm shift - from the unsustainable traditional supply-driven urban water management and embrace the new concepts of urban water demand management. • WDM strategy has been restricted to a key focus areas which are essential for efficient management of water supply systems

11. Probable WDM Tools for Entebbe • Replacing old service lines and plumbing fixtures • Use of more efficient shower heads &dual flush toilets • Use of flow and pressure regulators on taps & showers • Enhanced Rain water harvesting • Gray water re-use • Proactive leak detection and repair

12. Probable WDM Tools for Entebbe • Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) • Manage the interactions between the urban water cycle • Reduce health impacts to the urban population and the environment when closing the water cycle.

13. Future Challenges & Pressures

14. Future Challenges & Pressures • Dramatic reduction of water availability • Kenya already falls below the water poverty line (< 1,000 m3 /person/year) • Water scarcity is likely to hit Uganda by 2035 (896 m3 /person/year) – (WSPR, 2009) Per Capita Annual Renewable Freshwater Availability in East Africa Source: WRM,2005

15. Future Challenges & Pressures Heavily Polluted Raw Water Source – Gaba, Kla.

16. Conclusion • There is need to identify a water conservation and demand strategy for Entebbe Municipality • There is need for research and development in potential water use saving facilities and appropriate technologies • Public awareness, education and training is required to improve the acceptance of innovative ways to augment water supply. SWITCH training packages & guidance docs are a good tool in this respect.

17. Thank You Questions Please !!!