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Famous Quote

Famous Quote. "There's a new telephone service that lets you test your IQ over the phone. It costs $3.95 a minute. If you make the call at all, you're a moron. If you're on the line for three minutes, you're a complete idiot." Jay Leno. Chemistry. Microbiology.

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Famous Quote

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  1. Famous Quote • "There's a new telephone service that lets you test your IQ over the phone. It costs $3.95 a minute. If you make the call at all, you're a moron. If you're on the line for three minutes, you're a complete idiot." Jay Leno

  2. Chemistry Microbiology

  3. Chemistry is the science of the interaction between atoms and molecules Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of living organisms. Definition of Chemistry

  4. Periodic Table of the Elements

  5. Parts of the Atom • Protons • Neutrons • Electrons

  6. Periodic Table of the Elements

  7. Five Major Elements in Humans Oxygen O 65% Carbon C 19% Hydrogen H 10% Nitrogen N 3% Calcium Ca 2% Trace Elements Fe, Zn, Mg, Cu 1%

  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Grouping Within the Periodic Table 1 H He Hydrogen Helium 2 Li Be B C N O F Ne Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon 4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton 5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon 6 Cs Ba * Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Cesium Barium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon 7 Fr Ra ** Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Uun Uuu Uub Francium Radium Unnilquadium Unnilpentium Unnilhexium Unnilseptium Unniloctium Unnilennium Ununnilium Unununium Ununbium * La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium ** Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Element Groups (Families) Alkali Earth Alkaline Earth Transition Metals Rare Earth Other Metals Metalloids Non-Metals Halogens Noble Gases

  9. Dimitri Mendeleev

  10. Isotopes Isotopes result when an element has a varying number of neutrons resulting in unexpected atomic weights. Isotopes can be radioisotopes, be stable, or exhibit other properties.

  11. Properties of Matter • Physical Properties • Observed and measured without changing the identity of the matter. (Boiling Point, Color) • 2. Chemical Properties • Describe a substances ability to change into a new substance as the result of a chemical change. (Rusting, Corrosion)

  12. Pauli Exclusion Principle • No two electrons can occupy the same orbital layer and have the same spin orientation.

  13. Molecules • Molecules are made up of two or more atoms. • Atoms form molecules to fill their outermost electron shells or orbitals. • Chemical bonds bind the atoms together.

  14. Chemical Bonding • Valency refers to the number of chemical bonds the atom can form with other atoms – its combining capacity. • Valence electrons refer to the number of electrons the atom must gain or lose. • Octet Rule says that atoms are more stable when the outer shell is full.

  15. Bond Types

  16. Molecular Mass and Moles • Molecular Mass it the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule. • A mole is equal to this mass expressed as grams. • 1 mole = 1 GFM = 6.02 X 1023 units = 22.4 dm3

  17. Bond Formation Requires Energy • Chemical reactions make and break bonds. • A change of energy occurs during chemical reactions. • Endothermic vs Exothermic

  18. Types of Chemical Reactions • Synthesis / Direct Combination • Decomposition / Analysis • Single Replacement • Double Replacement

  19. Sample Equation Reactant Product Yields to Give Coefficient Subscript (s) (g) (aq) (l) Arrows Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO (g)  2Fe (s) + 3CO2 (g)

  20. How Chemical Reactions Occur • Reactants must collide with one another. • Activation Energy in the minimum collision energy required. • Joules / Types of Energy • Energy and Mass are Related • E = mc2 by Albert Einstein • Enzymes lower activation energy.

  21. Chemistry Skills You Should Know How To: • Identify Types of Reactions • Signs and Symbols in Chemical Reactions • Figure Molecular Mass • Figure Percent Composition

  22. Important Inorganic Compounds Water Acids, Bases, Salts

  23. Water • 98% Body Mass • Polar Molecule • Solvent • Reactant / Decomposition Reactions • Cohesive Properties • Surface Tension • Temperature Buffer • Thermal Conductance

  24. So You Go Into A Restaurant…What Is One of the First Thing They Bring You?

  25. A Glass of Water! Why?

  26. One glass of water shuts down midnight hunger pangs for almost 100% of the dieters studied in a University study.

  27. Lack of water is the #1 trigger of daytime fatigue.

  28. Preliminary research indicates that 8-10 glasses of water a day could significantly ease back and joint pain for up to 80% of sufferers.

  29. A mere 2% drop in body water can trigger fuzzy short-term memory, trouble with basic math, and difficulty focusing on the computer screen.

  30. Drinking 5 glasses of water daily decreases the risk of colon cancer by 45%, plus it can slash the risk of breast cancer by 79%, and one is 50% less likely to develop bladder cancer.

  31. Acids, Bases, and Salts • Acid  H+ and anions • Base  OH- and cations • Salt  Other anions and cations 2HCl  2H+ + Cl2 NaOH  Na + OH- 2NaCl  2Na + Cl2

  32. pH = -log[H+]

  33. Is Your pH Off Balance? • Rings Turn Fingers Green • Heartburn • Bloating • Belching • Feeling Full after Eating Small Amounts • Insomnia • Water Retention • Migraines • Constipation • Diarrhea • Fatigue • Burning Sensation on Tongue or in Mouth • Halitosis

  34. “Modern agriculture and food-preservation methods have done serious damage to the human diet. The detrimental effects on the human body caused by acidic wastes from processed food and chemical additives are myriad. Byproducts of the foods we eat, acidic wastes are the common denominator in all degenerative diseases. When acidic wastes accumulate, they can cause organs to malfunction and degenerate. Balancing the body's acid-alkaline pH factor is a dynamic way to improve health. “ Felicia Drury Kliment

  35. pH Buffer • Stabilized the pH inside a cell • Is added to culture media to improve bacterial growth • Blood if filled with buffers to resist changes in pH CO2 + H2O(Blood)  HCO3-1

  36. Important Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

  37. Organic Compounds • Contain Carbon and Hydrogen • Carbon Forms up to Four Bonds • Covalently Bonded • Large Molecules

  38. General Information • Living Cells Synthesize Organic Molecules 1. Functional Group Transfer 2. Electron Transfer 3. Rearrangement 4. Condensation 5. Cleavage

  39. Carbohydrates Important In: 1. Synthesis of Amino Acids 2. Synthesis of Fats 3. Function as Food Reserves 4. Fuel Cell Activities

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