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Future, satellite experiments CMB: Planck (ESA) 2007 better angular resolution

Future, satellite experiments CMB: Planck (ESA) 2007 better angular resolution (high multipoles) SN: SNAP (NASA) wide field (2000 SN per year)). CMB+LSGS+HzSN:. at the periphery. M31-Andromeda at 2.2x10 6 light years (690 kpc). M 31.

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Future, satellite experiments CMB: Planck (ESA) 2007 better angular resolution

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  1. Future, satellite experiments CMB: Planck (ESA) 2007 better angular resolution (high multipoles) SN: SNAP (NASA) wide field (2000 SN per year)) CMB+LSGS+HzSN:

  2. at the periphery M31-Andromeda at 2.2x106 light years (690 kpc)

  3. M 31 Rotation curves of galaxies from radioastronomical observation of the Doppler shift of the 21 cm neutral hydrogen line The visible mass is only 10 % of the gravitational mass of the galaxy, 90 % is dark matter

  4. Indeed most of the gravitational matter is invisible!

  5. L'univers est plat, et la matière visible n'en constitue qu'une petite partie.... jusqu'à preuve du contraire!

  6. Neutrinos cannot account for the DM • They are too light ( <2.2 eV) • They were relativistic at decoupling, and would have washed out the • inhomogeneities early universe: • Early universe: • Extra massive particules were in thermal equilibrium with SM particles • During expansion they decayed to the lightest neutral particles of • their family: the WIMP (weakly interacting neutral particle) c • Stays in equilibrium via annihilation: • until when it decouples (NR) gas of decoupled • Fermion: • Density at decoupling:

  7. Most popular SM extension candidate: Supersymetry (SUSY) Symmetry is broken at low energy, and SUSY particles are heavy (searched for at LHC!) In several models the lightest SUSY particle (LSP) is neutral and stable: Neutralino best WIMP candidate

  8. The WIMPS are gravitationnaly clustered and bound in the halo of galaxies

  9. rate n=local WIMP density s=cross section v=relative speed nD=target nuclei Measure nuclear recoil, Ec 1-100 keV spin independent interaction: coherent , • Recoil nucleus; • ionizes • produces scintillation light • Alternative: all forms of energy end up in heat measure heat pulse • (calorimetry) can be measured directly

  10. Cryogenic detectors (bolometers) heat sink ( 8 mK) phonons i • Wide choice of materials • Good energy resolution crystal Stopping particle (ionizing or non ionizing) Thermistor R(T) measure heat pulse

  11. Edelweiss, Ge bolometers, Fréjus underground lab electrode thermometer Ge bolometer measure heat and ionization

  12. CDMS, Soudan underground laboratory (USA) Operating array of Ge crystals (250 g each), 15 operational presently Measure ionization and heat, delay between the two pulses Superconducting transition edge sensor

  13. 123 kg*day Allowed band for nuclear recoil, no events! calibrated with 133Ba /(gamma-electron) and 252Cf (neutron) sources

  14. Xenon10, Gran Sasso, 10 kg of xenon Measures light and ionization

  15. PMT array shielding

  16. Exclusion plot SUSY predictions

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