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ESKOM ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE

ESKOM ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE. MANDY RAMBHAROS CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY ESKOM SOUTH AFRICA. STRUCTURE OF THIS PRESENTATION. BACKGROUND AFRICAN CONTEXT ENERGY CONTEXT SOUTH AFRICAN LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ACTIONS TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE FINAL THOUGHTS. AFRICAN CONTEXT.

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ESKOM ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE

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  1. ESKOMADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE MANDY RAMBHAROS CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY ESKOM SOUTH AFRICA

  2. STRUCTURE OF THIS PRESENTATION • BACKGROUND • AFRICAN CONTEXT • ENERGY CONTEXT • SOUTH AFRICAN LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK • ACTIONS TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE • FINAL THOUGHTS

  3. AFRICAN CONTEXT • In global terms, Africa is a small player with only 3% of the world’s CO2 emissions. • South Africa contributes approximately half of these emissions. • The Energy Sector in South Africa is a major contributor to these GHG emissions.

  4. ENERGY OVERVIEW: ENERGY FLOWS TRANSFORM TRANSPORT END USE SUPPLY Oil Refineries Rail Road Pipeline Liquid Fuels Oil Natural Gas PetroSA Gas Pipeline Sasol Export Road/Rail “Washery” Coal Coal Eskom and Others Electricity Transmission Wires Hydro Koeberg Nuclear Biomass Wood Person/Road

  5. COAL PROVIDES: • 75% Primary Energy Supply • 92% Electricity • 69 Million tonnes export • Second Biggest Export earner • Value of coal exports – R17 billion

  6. INLAND COAL UTILISATION

  7. COAL EXPORT DESTINATION

  8. SOUTH AFRICAN CONTEXT: • Meeting national imperatives • Focussing on areas that promote sustainable development • The need to consistently use locally available resources • Encouraging programs that will harness existing national technological competencies • Recognizing that South Africa’s emissions will continue to increase as development is realized • Adaptation will be necessary

  9. SOUTH AFRICAN LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK • Recognise that emissions will increase, but interventions to retard the rate of increase. • Energy Policy • Renewables Policy • DSM Strategy • Energy Efficiency Strategy • National Climate Change Response Strategy

  10. ESKOM HOLDINGS • Eskom is a vertically integrated operation that generates, transmits and distributes electricity. Eskom generates approximately 95% of the electricity used in South Africa. • Eskom is among the top 11 utilities in the world in terms of generation capacity and among the top 9 in terms of sales.

  11. ESKOM’S POWER STATION MIX Number of Power Stations Net max capacity Mega Watts Type Coal fired 34274 13 2 Gas turbine 342 6 Hydroelectric 661 Pumped storage 1 400 2 Nuclear 1 1 840 Total 24 stations 38517 MW • 3 OF THE 13 COAL FIRED STATIONS ARE IN RESERVE STORAGE (3541 MW). A PROGRAMME FOR RETURN TO SERVICE IS CURRENTLY UNDERWAY

  12. ESKOM POWER STATIONS MOZAMBIQUE T BOTSWANA NAMIBIA Pretoria T T T T Johannesburg Maputo T T T SWAZILAND T T T T T H Bloemfontein LESOTHO Durban H H H G N East London Cape Town G H Port Elizabeth

  13. ACTIONS TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE • INTEGRATED STRATEGIC ELECTRICITY PLANNING • Also known as integrated resource planning • Long term planning process • Look at both demand and supply side options • Environmental (and sustainability) issues integrated into the process, as well as other factors • Important for sustainability in the long terms as well as evalulation of technologies and resource utilisation

  14. ACTIONS TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE • ISEP: DIVERSIFICATION • Demand side • Efficient lighting • Load management • Virtual power station • Supply side • Fossil fuel technologies including clean coal technologies • Gas • Nuclear • Renewables • Hydro

  15. ACTIONS TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE • ELECTRIFICATION • Eskom’s electrification programme commenced in 1991. • Before 1994 only 12% of the rural population had access to electricity • The Department of Minerals and Energy commenced funding the National Electrification Programme (NEP) in April 2001. • Eskom is responsible for the implementation of the programme in its areas of supply. Operating costs continue to be the responsibility of the licensed distributors.

  16. ACTIONS TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE • DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT • DSM is a process that influences changes in customer demand profile. For Eskom, the primary objective is to reduce the average cost of generating capacity and improve on the use of existing resources. • Energy efficiency programmes are closely linked to the achievement of the DSM programmes and for adding credibility to programmes such as the Free Basic Electricity.

  17. ACTIONS TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE • ENERGY EFFICIENCY • The Efficient Lighting Initiative (ELI) programme in South Africa was implemented by the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and funded by Eskom and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The purpose of the programme was to accelerate the penetration of energy-efficient lighting technologies in the country such as modern and high-quality efficient lighting technologies like the compact fluorescent lamp (CFL).

  18. ACTIONS TO ADDRESS ACLIMATE CHANGE: RENEWABLES PROGRAMME • SABRE-Gen (launched 1998) includes: • Concentrating Solar Power • Dish/Stirling • Wind Energy • BioPower • System Johansson Biomass Gasifier • Ocean Wave and Tidal Power Technologies • Hydro • Renewable Resource Database

  19. SOUTH AFRICAN RENEWABLE RESOURCES • Database & Electrification Planning Tool • Joint Eskom, CSIR, DME initiative. • GIS containing SA’s renewable resource potential.

  20. SABRE-Gen Wind • Demonstration of 4.5 MW plant in Western Cape • Focus is on establishing commercial viability of wind energy • 3-Year research program followed by possible commercialization

  21. SABRE-Gen Solar • Demonstration of 2 Dish/Stirling Systems in 2002/2003 • Demonstration of either central receiver or parabolic trough in 2004/2005 - a 100 MW solar thermal plant (concentrating solar technology) is anticipated for the Northern Cape - commissioning in 2004/5

  22. OFF GRID ELECTRIFICATION

  23. POTENTIAL FUTURE PROJECTS • Potential projects include: • New projects using gas as the primary fuel • Clean coal power generation • Repowering • On and off-grid electrification • In situ coal gasification • Industrial energy efficiency • Commercial and domestic energy efficiency • Renewable energy projects including solar & wind power between 1 and 100MW in size • Off-grid projects, including micro-hydro, solar, wind and micro-geothermal energy, which promote community development

  24. ACTIONS TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE • RESEARCH • Environmental research - critical component of capacity building and implementation of technologies • Portfolios: • Environmental Management Tools • Water and Waste • Global and Regional Climate Change • Emissions • EMF’s • Air and Rain Quality and Monitoring • Supply side • Demand side • Renewables

  25. Eskom has an excellent track record in environmental performance and continual improvement. Current technologies are state of the art. Extensive interventions in terms of renewable energy technologies. Coal an important resource and new technology development plays a critical role in its sustainable use. Thereby, recognise that: South Africa is vulnerable to climate change on several fronts and adaptation will be essential Climate change action must support government imperatives and sustainable development FINAL THOUGHTS

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