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State of Georgia BASIC FIRE FIGHTER TRAINING COURSE Module 1

State of Georgia BASIC FIRE FIGHTER TRAINING COURSE Module 1. VENTILATION. VENTILATION. The planned and systematic release and removal of heated air, smoke, and toxic gases from a confined area and the replacement of these products of combustion with a supply of cooler, fresh air.

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State of Georgia BASIC FIRE FIGHTER TRAINING COURSE Module 1

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  1. State of GeorgiaBASIC FIRE FIGHTER TRAINING COURSE Module 1 VENTILATION

  2. VENTILATION The planned and systematic release and removal of heated air, smoke, and toxic gases from a confined area and the replacement of these products of combustion with a supply of cooler, fresh air. Ventilation (M-1)

  3. PROPER VENTILATIONAdvantages Simplifies rescue Reduces flashover hazards Reduces backdraft hazards Reduces mushrooming Speeds extinguishment Salvage operations Reduces damage Decreases danger Easier firefighting Confines the fire Ventilation (M-1)

  4. VENTILATION EFFECTS PROPER Improved visibility Lower temperatures Safer working conditions IMPROPER Fire may Spread Potential Backdraft May delay rescue Potentially harmful to occupants Ventilation (M-1)

  5. TYPES OF VENTILATIONNatural Vertical Horizontal Ventilation (M-1)

  6. TYPES OF VENTILATIONForced Mechanical Hydraulic Ventilation (M-1)

  7. TYPES OF FORCED VENTILATON • Mechanical • Depressurization • Pressurization Ventilation (M-1)

  8. MECHANICAL VENTILATIONDepressurization Advantages effective when others are not ensures positive control supplements other methods of ventilation may be faster than natural ventilation good public relations Disadvantages May cause fire to intensify and spread Needs a power source Special equipment is required Interferes with egress and ingress Ventilation (M-1)

  9. MECHANICAL VENTILATIONPressurization • Advantages • done without entering structure • doesn’t interfere with ingress or egress • Disadvantages • Needs a power source • Special equipment is required • May cause fire to intensify and spread Ventilation (M-1)

  10. HYDRAULIC VENTILATION Advantages requires no special equipment can be performed by the same firefighter removes smoke faster than mechanical ventilation Disadvantages increase in water damage increases demand on water supply freezing of water time in is limited firefighters may remain in structure Ventilation (M-1)

  11. VENTILATIONConsiderations • Life safety conditions • Building conditions • Fire conditions Ventilation (M-1)

  12. BACKDRAFTEffects • Structural damage • Serious injury • Flying debris • Additional heat or fire damage Ventilation (M-1)

  13. BACKDRAFTPrevention • Control openings • Open slowly • Natural vertical ventilation Ventilation (M-1)

  14. ROOF TYPES Flat Ventilation (M-1)

  15. ROOF TYPES Pitched or Gable Ventilation (M-1)

  16. ROOF TYPES Arched Ventilation (M-1)

  17. VERTICAL VENTILATION Safety Precautions • Wear full protective equipment • Determine the safety of the building and roof • IF UNSAFE … STAY OFF !!! • Have a charged hose line ready and in position • Coordinate ventilation with other crews • Observe wind direction in relation to exposures Ventilation (M-1)

  18. VERTICAL VENTILATION Safety Precautions • Note the existence of and avoid obstructions or excessive weight on the roof • Extend ladder 3 to 5 rungs above the roof line • Sound the roof for structural integrity before stepping on to it • Provide two means of escape • Use life lines, roof ladders or other means to prevent slipping or falling Ventilation (M-1)

  19. VERTICAL VENTILATION Safety Precautions • Work in groups of two but no more than necessary • Use caution around electrical wires • Use tools with caution and beware of others • Start power tools on the ground; and shut off before hoisting • Avoid cutting main structural supports Ventilation (M-1)

  20. VERTICAL VENTILATION Safety Precautions • The angle of cut should be away from the body • Guard the opening in the roof • Evacuate the roof when ventilation is complete • Use support members of the structure for travel Ventilation (M-1)

  21. HORIZONTAL VENTILATION Safety Precautions • Wear full protective equipment • Determine the safety of the building • Work in groups • Provide two means of escape • Have a charged hose line ready and in position to protect exposures • Coordinate ventilation with other crews • Use caution around electrical wires • Use tools with caution. Ventilation (M-1)

  22. VENTILATION TOOLS • Pike pole • Pick-head axe • Power Saw • Ladders Ventilation (M-1)

  23. NATURAL VERTICAL VENTILATIONProcedure • Determine where to ventilate • Ladder 5 rungs above the roofline • Deploy roof ladder • Locate roof supports • Make the opening at least 4’ X 4’ • Remove roof materials • Cut decking alongside joist • Pry up boards • Open ceiling below Ventilation (M-1)

  24. NATURAL HORIZONTAL VENTILATIONProcedure • Determine where air is to be channeled • Determine where to ventilate • Open structure on windward side as low as possible • Open structure on leeward side as high as possible. Ventilation (M-1)

  25. NATURAL TRENCH VENTILATION • Follow same safety precautions as for vertical ventilation • Determine where the opening is to be made • Ahead of the fire • Cut trench from one exterior wall to the other • 4 feet wide • Use same procedures as for vertical ventilation Ventilation (M-1)

  26. DEPRESSURIZATION VENTILATION Ventilation (M-1)

  27. PRESSURIZED VENTILATION Ventilation (M-1)

  28. HYDRAULIC VENTILATION Ventilation (M-1)

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