Droughts

1. Droughts

2. What is a drought? • A drought is an unusually long time where there is not enough water to meet the needs of people, animals and plants. • During droughts other disasters can also occur, such as bushfires and heatwaves.

3. What causes a drought? • A drought is basically caused when the water inside the ground is being used up, but the ground is not being replenished by the water through rainfall. • Another cause of drought in Australia is from the El Niño weather pattern. When there are El Nino weather conditions, Australia becomes drier than normal and the chance of rain decreases.

4. Why are droughts dangerous? • When there is a drought, there is less water available for growing crops, farming animals, industry and our cities. • When a drought goes on for a long time, towns are at risk of running out of water.

5. Forecasting a drought • Weather researchers watch closely for signs of an El Niño weather pattern as a way of forecasting droughts. • Another tool used by weather forecasters in predicting a drought is the Southern Oscillation Index. By understanding the El Nino patterns and the Southern Oscillation Index, the weather bureau is able to predict a drought and send warnings to farmers and authorities that a drought is likely.

6. El Niño weather pattern • causes a rise in sea temperature, weak easterly winds and the movement of rain clouds away from Australia

7. Southern Oscillation Index • a way of measuring air pressure to predict if Australia is going to be either very wet, or very dry