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Fisheries & Aquaculture Steven Andrews

Fisheries & Aquaculture Steven Andrews. Overview. Fisheries are major source of protein >15% of animal protein Capture fisheries have peaked ~90 million tons per year. Aquaculture sector growing > 50 million tons per year (production) > 60 billion USD (value)

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Fisheries & Aquaculture Steven Andrews

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  1. Fisheries & Aquaculture Steven Andrews

  2. Overview • Fisheries are major source of protein >15% of animal protein • Capture fisheries have peaked ~90 million tons per year. • Aquaculture sector growing > 50 million tons per year (production) > 60 billion USD (value) • Asia dominates production >90% (by weight) and > 80% of (by value) • Trade at record levels > 55.2 Billion USD in 2000 > 80% of imports by Developed Countries Source: State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2002 /

  3. Production and Use Statistics Source: State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2002 FAO http://www.fao.org/sof/sofia/

  4. Aquaculture Intro • Aquaculture has a 4,000 year long history • 262 different species of fish, crustacean, and mollusk produced • Variety of cultured species is increasing. • Freshwater finfish dominates production by volume • Chinese and Indian carp species (>50%) • Mollusks (~25%) and aquatic plants (~20%) Source: Small Ponds Make A Big Difference (2000) FAO Document Repository online: http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/003/x7156e/x7156e00.htm

  5. Shrimp and Salmon • Crustaceans including shrimp are low volume, high value, and high environmental impact species -Tiger Prawns alone had a production value of US$3.5 billion (1997) • Carnivorous species including shrimp and Salmon results in an increase in the use of fish feeds and oils in the farming process • Shift from extensive to intensive methods Source: Small Ponds Make A Big Difference (2000) FAO Document Repository

  6. Trade in Fish and Fishery Products • Shrimp and prawns, salmon, and mollusks most important species • tilapia and sea bass seeing strong growth • Shrimp is considered a luxury product • Largest importers are Japan, the United States, and Europe • Thailand, Ecuador, Indonesia, India, Mexico, Bangladesh, and Vietnam are largest exporters • Growth in trade means more processing • ~60% fisheries production was processed. Source: State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2002

  7. Environmental Impacts • Global fish stocks at historically low levels • Aquaculture often has severe environmental impacts. • Shrimp and farmed salmon are two species listed for the negative impacts by the Audubon Society and the World Conservation Society Source: World Conservation Society

  8. Environmental Impacts Overview Extensive vs. Semi-Intensive vs. Intensive Salmon Aquaculture • Waste and Nutrient Loading • Increased pressure on Wild Fisheries • Interactions Between Wild and Farmed Fish • Vectors of Disease Shrimp Aquaculture • Destruction of Coastal Habitats • Capture of Larvae and Brood Stock from Wild • Over reliance on Fish Meals and Fish Oil in Feeds • Pollution from Effluents Source: Clay (2004) World Agriculture and the Environment

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