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Lesson. Using Construction Fasteners and Hardware. Fasteners. Fasteners, sometimes called rough hard-ware, are items used to hold the parts of a project together nails, screws, bolts, and glue. Hardware.

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  1. Lesson Using Construction Fasteners and Hardware

  2. Fasteners • Fasteners, sometimes called rough hard-ware, are items used to hold the parts of a project together • nails, screws, bolts, and glue

  3. Hardware • Hardware, sometimes called finish hardware, is metal items used for ornamental as well as functional purposes. • Examples include hinges, drawer pulls, knobs, handles, catches, and locks.

  4. Nails

  5. Nails • Most commonly used wood fasteners. • Each type of nail has specific uses. • Penny: Nail size in length, abbreviated with the lower case letter “d”. • Shank: the straight body of the nail • Head: the top portion of the nail

  6. (Pictures Courtesy, Interstate Publishers, Inc.)

  7. Nails • Sold by weight: • Pound, 50 pound box, and 100 pound keg. • Split less wood, make your work stronger, save fingers, and save money by: • Choosing the right type and size of nail

  8. Common Nails • Largest in diameter and have thick heads. • Designed for rough carpentry (like building framing) and are easy to drive without bending. (Pictures Courtesy, Interstate Publishers, Inc.)

  9. Box Nails • Used wherever common nails might split the wood. • Bend more easily because of the smaller wire used to form them. (Pictures Courtesy, Interstate Publishers, Inc.)

  10. Box Nails • Head is thinner and larger in diameter than the head of the common nail. • Sinkers: Box nails which are cement coated • Nail holding power may also be improved by: • Galvanizing, ringing, or threading.

  11. Finish Nails • Have the thinnest cross section and the smallest head. • Head is only slightly larger in diameter than the body of the nail. • Slight depression on the top of the head helps keep the nail set from slipping when “setting the nail”.

  12. To Avoid Splitting: • Never use a nail larger than needed. • Blunt the point of the nails (turn the nail upside down and hit the point with a hammer),

  13. To Avoid Splitting: • Do not drive a series of nails in a straight line parallel to the grain. • Never toenail when you can nail straight into the wood. • Toenailing is driving a nail at an angle into the side of a board rather than driving straight into the wood.

  14. Toenailing

  15. Screws

  16. Wood Screws • Advantages over nails: • Screws hold wood more securely than nails, • Are easily tightened or removed, and • Leave a neat appearance. • Disadvantages compared to nails: • Screws are more expensive and • Require more labor for installation.

  17. Basic Wood Screws • Have several screw head slot types • straight, • cross (Phillips), • square, • star • Three commonly shaped screw heads are flat, oval, and round.

  18. Screw Heads • Flat heads may be countersunk (meaning that the top of the head is flush with the surface of the wood). • Oval headed screws are used mainly to fasten hinges or other finish hardware. • Round headed screws are utility screws and are used where the fastened piece is too thin to permit countersinking.

  19. Screw Gauges • Screws are sized by length in inches and by diameter. • Gauge Number: Diameter of the screw. • To calculate the gauge number subtract 1/16 inch from the diameter and multiply the result by 80.

  20. Actual Size of Common Wood Screws (Pictures Courtesy, Interstate Publishers, Inc.)

  21. Pilot Hole • Pilot hole: Hole slightly smaller than the diameter of the threaded portion of the screw • Drilled into the second board. • Allows easy tightening without danger of splitting the wood.

  22. When the screw is tightened: • Top of the head should be even with the wood. • Use a standard, Phillips, or square shank screwdriver large enough to fill the screw slot. • Using the correct size screwdriver will result in tightening with less effort and fewer damaged screw slots.

  23. Bolts

  24. Bolts • Made of steel with either round, square, or hexagonal heads and threaded shanks. • Threads may run the full length of the bolt, or they may stop a certain distance from the head, and leave a smooth upper shank. • Stronger than nails or screws, but are more expensive.

  25. Glue • Properly glued wood joint is stronger than the wood itself. • Wood to be glued should be dry, smooth, and free of dirt, oil, and other coatings.

  26. Glue • Can be applied with a • Squeeze bottle, • Brush, or • Paint roller. • Pressure is applied to the glue joint with: • Clamps, nails, screws, or other fasteners.

  27. Glue • When the pressure is applied, the glue should ooze out from around the joint. If it does not, you are skimping on glue and may have a weak joint.

  28. Glue • Exterior glues should be labeled as waterproof. • Interior glues will be labeled as water resistant. • When in doubt about the future use of your project apply exterior glue.

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