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The Effects of Jitter on the Perceptual Quality of Video

This study explores the effects of jitter on the perceptual quality of video playback over the Internet, highlighting how low or high amounts of jitter can significantly degrade video quality. Experiments conducted with user ratings reveal insights into the impact of temporal vs. spatial redundancy in video content. The study also emphasizes the need for further research on the threshold at which jitter affects perceptual quality and proposes future investigations on a combination of network conditions affecting delay, loss, and jitter.

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The Effects of Jitter on the Perceptual Quality of Video

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  1. The Effects of Jitter on the Perceptual Quality of Video • Mark Claypool and Jonathan Tanner • Computer Science Department • Worcester Polytechnic Institute • Proceedings of ACM Multimedia Conference • November 1999

  2. Motivation • Computers are powerful • Networks have high bandwidth  Video across the Internet to the desktop is possible • But … the Internet is not optimized for video playback • bandwidth limitations (loss) • delivery limitations (loss) • timing guarantee limitations (delay and jitter)

  3. Loss and Jitter in a Video Stream

  4. Effects on Perceptual Quality • Effects of delay is well-studied • (Roy, 1994) ATM recommendations • (Dimolitsas+, 1993) Teleconf • Effects of loss is well-studied • (Massimino and Sheridan, 1994) Teleoperators • (Gringeri +, 1998) MPEG-2 over lossy ATM • (Perkins, Hodson and Hardman, 1998) SuperJ • Reducing jitter is well-studied • (Ramjee + 1994) Buffering • (Stone and Jeffay, 1995) Buffering • But, … effects of jitter on PQ are not studied

  5. Experiments • Induce Loss and Jitter in Video • levels: none (“perfect”), low and high • based on Internet traces ([GBC98]) • Same “amount” of loss and jitter • Users give perceptual quality rating • Slider (reading is 1-1000), labeled best-worst • over 40 users • most students, 20-25 years, CS majors • Video clips • 1 minute clips, sampled from television • Temporal vs. Spatial redundancy

  6. Sample Clip: News

  7. Sample Clip: Sports

  8. Sample Clip: Home Shopping

  9. Sample Clip: Animation

  10. Sample Clip: Sitcom

  11. Video Playout • Reduce effects of order of quality • First picture was “perfect” to prime users equally

  12. Effect of Jitter

  13. Effect of Movie Content (Confidence Intervals overlapped!)

  14. Conclusions • Jitter can degrade perceptual quality as much as loss • Low amount of jitter or loss severely degrade quality • Video content determines effects of jitter or loss only slightly

  15. Future Work • Refinement of perceptual quality curve • Where is the “knee”? • Forced choice comparison • Comparison on effects on perceptual quality of: • jitter • loss • delay • Exploration of combination effects • Exploration of amounts of delay, loss, jitter and what network conditions cause them

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