The Stalemated 70s: America in Transition

1. Day 142: The Stalemated 70s Baltimore Polytechnic Institute April 18, 2012 A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

2. Reading Check 1. This Republican lost to John F. Kennedy in the 1960 Presidential Election. 2. This Presidential action failed in April 1961 and resulted in JFK appearing weak and indecisive. 3. This leader of the Soviet Union in the early 1960s was able to manipulate JFK and 2 separate occasions. 4. This was built in August 1961 to prevent a loss of population and also demonstrated the iron curtain that Churchill spoke about after WWII. 5. Kennedy was able to avert nuclear disaster in October 1962 during this event.

3. The Stalemated 70s Objectives: Indicate how America reacted to Pearl Harbor and prepared to wage war against both Germany and Japan. Describe the mobilization of the American economy for war and the mobilization of manpower and womanpower for both the military and wartime production. Describe the war’s effects on American society, including regional migration, race relations, and women’s roles. Explain the early Japanese successes in East Asia and the Pacific, and the American strategy for countering them. AP Focus Early in the war, Germany, Japan, and Italy have considerable military success. The Allies, except for France, which had surrendered in 1940, are fortunate not to be overwhelmed completely. Fearing that they will be disloyal, President Roosevelt orders the detention of Japanese Americans, a serious violation of basic American civil rights.

4. Chapter Focus Chapter Themes Unified by Pearl Harbor, America effectively carried out a war mobilization effort that produced vast social and economic changes within American society. Following its “get Hitler first” strategy, the United States and its Allies invaded and liberated conquered Europe from Fascist rule. The slower strategy of island-hopping against Japan also proceeded successfully until the atomic bomb brought a sudden end to World War II.

5. Nixon on the Homefront Presided over significant expansion of the welfare programs-Who was in charge of Domestic Policy? President or Congress? SSI, indexing SS benefits Philadelphia Plan-set-a-sides for minority subcontractors EPA Earth Day-April 22, 1970 Clean Air Act 1970, Endangered Special Act of 1973 OSHA 1970 CPSC-Consumer Product Safety Commission Nixon took U.S. off gold standard-devalue the dollar Implemented Southern Strategy to gain solid majority in 1972

6. Nixon Landslide of 1972 Foreign policy dominated election, not domestic North Vietnam with foreign help smashed through the DMZ Nixon retaliated with bombing Hanoi, and contact mines in the harbor of N. Vietnam Anti-war George McGovern became democratic nominee Kissinger and Nixon announced peace at hand 12 days before election Nixon won 520-17 Peace on January 23, 1973-peace with honor

7. Secret Bombing of Cambodia/War Powers Act March 1969 to July 1973, Airforce secretly bombing North Vietnam positions in Cambodia Nixon continued bombing to help rightist Cambodian government-led to Pol Pot War Powers Act-1973 President to report in 48 hours after committing troops to a foreign conflict 60 day limit unless Congress extended it for 30 more days Draft ended in 1973

8. Arab Oil Embargo/Energy Crisis Israel attacked by Egypt and Syria to reclaim lost land Nixon placed nukes on alert and ordered airlift to Israel Israel won with help from U.S. Late October 1973 OPEC nations embargoed oil shipment to the U.S. and several European allies supporting Israel Speed down to 55 and Alaska pipeline Demonstrated U.S. dependence on foreign oil Cheap oil over and upsets U.S. balance of trade

9. Watergate and the Unmaking of a President June 17, 1972-5 men arrested in the Watergate apartment-office complex they worked for CREEP VP Agnew resigned in October 1973 for taking bribes as MD governor and VP Ford appointed as VP Senate investigated Watergate in 1973-1974 Nixon denied White house officials testified and revealed a secret taping system October 20, 1973 Nixon fired the special prosecutor Supreme Court on July 24, 1974 ordered Nixon to release the tapes Tapes revealed he tried to cover-up the scandal Nixon resigned on August 8, 1974

10. 1st unelected President Ford took over and pardoned Nixon Wanted to enhance détente April 29, 1975 South Vietnam fell to the North Vietnam communists Ford let in 140,000, then about 500,000 later on

11. Feminist Victories and Defeats Roe v. Wade-constitutional right to privacy Equal Rights Amendment-defeated

12. 1976 Election Dems nominate Jimmy Carter Republicans nominate Jerry Ford Carter won 297-240 with majorities in both houses Carter supported human rights Camp David Accords in September 1978 Full diplomatic relations with China in early 1979 Gave back Panama Canal on 12/31/99 July 15, 1979 malaise speech Salt II-Carter Brezhnev Limiting strategic weapons in USSR and US arsenal Iranian Hostage crisis

13. Classwork Identify and state the outcome of the Supreme Court Cases on pages 1020-1021 Milliken v. Bradley Bakke United States v. Wheeler

14. Class Discussion 1. Begin 1960’s chart 2.

15. Homework Read Chapter 39 Prepare for 5 question reading check on Thursday Focus Questions due for chapters 36/37