Techniques for Hazard Recognition presented by David F. Coble, MS, CSP Coble, Taylor Jones Safety Associates Cary, N

1. Techniques for Hazard Recognitionpresented byDavid F. Coble, MS, CSPCoble, Taylor & Jones Safety Associates Cary, NCwww.ctjsafety.com919-466-7506

2. David F. Coble, MS, CSPPresident, CTJ Safety Associates 35 years of safety and health experience (12 yrs with NC OSHA, 23 yrs in consulting) Master’s Degree in Safety Management from Univ. of Arizona Visited nearly 3000 facilities in North America and Europe to identify and suggest controls for hazards Published numerous articles, best selling book on lab safety Director, Board of Certified Safety Professionals ASSE Standards Development Committee Member Chair of ANSI B15.1 Committee Former manager of VPP program (Called Inspection Exemption Program) with North Carolina OSHA for 3 years

3. Goals Improve your ability to recognize hazards and do your job right! Review the Fundamentals of Hazard Recognition. Review five practical methods that are easy to use in the field to identify hazards.

4. Core Principles of Hazard Recognition Hazard recognition is a skill that requires training and persistence. There is a best way to do every job – the efficient, high quality, cost effective and safe way. Every organization needs a variety of hazard recognition techniques.

5. Warm Up Hazard Recognition Exercise

6. What could have been done to help this employee uncover the hazards that you have just identified?

7. Methods to Have Identified These Hazards. Job Hazard Analysis Pre Job Safety Analysis or Briefing Last Minute Safety Check Work Permit or Hot Work Permit Demolition Planning [1926.850(a)] PPE Hazard Assessment [1910.132(d)] Equipment Inspections for Ladders, Tools, Welding Equipment

8. Write Down All of the Hazard Recognition Techniques That You Use In Your Work

9. If There is a Magic Formula or Secret to Controlling Hazards, It Includes… Safety Management Systems Management Commitment and Leadership Employee Involvement Behavior Based Safety

10. The Secret to Controlling Hazards… PLANNING!! Every job, every task, every activity must be planned.

11. There are numerous accident causation theories… Domino Theory Failure Mode and Effect Human Factors Chain of Events Behavioral Systems

12. Why Do Injuries and Illnesses Occur? Can not be prevented (some call this “Acts of God or Acts of Nature”) – very few workplace injuries and illnesses truly fall into this category Deliberately hurting oneself– very few Acceptable risks – very few Failures in the management systems – at least 95% of injuries and illnesses are due to this reason

13. What Do We Mean by Failures in the Management Systems? Inadequate management leadership and action Inadequate employee involvement in safety and health Inadequate training and education Inadequate purchasing controls Inadequate rules, policies and procedures Failure to hold others accountable Failure to recognize hazards

14. Hazard Recognition The Importance of Codes and Standards to Hazard Recognition

15. Standards Give Us… Explanations of Hazards Clues as to Where Hazards May Exists Control Measures If You Don’t Know the Rules and Hazards – ASK!!

16. Fundamentals of Hazard Recognition

17. Fundamentals of Hazard Recognition Hazard recognition is a management and employee responsibility

18. Fundamentals of Hazard Recognition Hazard recognition is a management and employee responsibility Hazard recognition is a key element of “Doing the Job Right”

19. Fundamentals of Hazard Recognition Hazard recognition is a management and employee responsibility Hazard recognition is a key element of “Doing the Job Right” Accidents are caused by both unsafe actions and unsafe conditions

20. Most Common Unsafe Conditions Inadequate Guards and Devices Poor Housekeeping Projection and Impaling Hazards Congestion and Close Clearances Hazardous Atmospheres Hazardous Personal Attire (Hair, Jewelry, Clothes) Inadequate Fall Protection Improper Placement and Storage Poor Illumination and Loud Noise Unidentified Chemicals

21. Most Common Unsafe Actions Operating Equipment Without Authority Failure to Make Secure Operating at an Unsafe Speed Overriding Safety Devices Using Defective Tools and Equipment Taking an Unsafe Position Horseplay Being in the Line of Fire Not Keeping Eyes on the Task Taking Shortcuts Failure to Warn or Signal

22. Fundamentals of Hazard Recognition Hazard recognition is a management and employee responsibility Hazard recognition is a key element of “Doing the Job Right” Every company needs a variety of hazard recognition techniques

23. Hazard Recognition Techniques There must be a wide variety of hazard recognition techniques at every organization There must be adequately trained personnel to recognize hazards The hazard recognition management system must be effective and audited periodically There must be some techniques that are easy to implement and use in the field

24. Three Opportunities to Recognize Hazards Planning – Prior to Exposure Auditing – During Exposure Analyses and Critiques – Post Exposure

25. Pre Exposure Techniques Last Minute Safety Checks (Ten Second Drill, Out of View Observations, Key Questions, Pre Use Equipment Inspections) Pre Job Safety Analysis Issuing Work Permits Pre-Use Analysis (New Equipment, New Chemicals) Blueprint Reviews S/H/E Project Reviews Management of Change Turnaround Planning Employee Suggestion Boxes Open Door Policies Safety by Design

26. During Exposure Techniques Job Hazard Analysis Hazops / What-If Analysis Walkthrough Inspections and Audits Equipment Inspections Management System Audits Perception Surveys IH Surveys Housekeeping Reviews Documentation Audits

27. Post Exposure Techniques Root Cause Analysis Action Critiques such as Emergency Response, Rescues, New Process Startups Demolition Audits Documentation Audits Safety and Health Policy Audits

28. Hazard recognition is a multi-layered approach. The first layer begins by sending the planner into the field or initial discussions about the task that is to be done. The second layer is a formal approach to finding hazards and preparing for the task. This might be done by filling out a work permit, a hot work permit, a lift plan, a Job Safety Analysis, a Pre Job Safety Briefing, etc. But, conditions change, the weather changes, new people are introduced and hazards can be overlooked during the first two layers. Therefore, there must be a third layer. That third layer relies on each individual employee to look for hazards that may have developed since the initial planning or that may have been overlooked. There are five easy-to-use practical techniques that can be used. They are called Last Minute Checks. Now we will discuss those 5 techniques and practice using them.Hazard recognition is a multi-layered approach. The first layer begins by sending the planner into the field or initial discussions about the task that is to be done. The second layer is a formal approach to finding hazards and preparing for the task. This might be done by filling out a work permit, a hot work permit, a lift plan, a Job Safety Analysis, a Pre Job Safety Briefing, etc. But, conditions change, the weather changes, new people are introduced and hazards can be overlooked during the first two layers. Therefore, there must be a third layer. That third layer relies on each individual employee to look for hazards that may have developed since the initial planning or that may have been overlooked. There are five easy-to-use practical techniques that can be used. They are called Last Minute Checks. Now we will discuss those 5 techniques and practice using them.

29. Five Practical Hazard Recognition Techniques for Use in the Field

30. Five Practical Hazard Recognition Techniques for Use in the Field Last Minute Safety Check

31. Last Minute Safety Check Every job, every task, every operation must be planned and rechecked One simple field technique is a short multi-step process based on the following 4 questions: What am I about to do? What do I need to do this job and how will I do it? How could I or someone else get hurt? What am I going to do to prevent injury?

32. Numerous Names for This Technique SCAN – Survey, Consider, Analyze, Notify (ExxonMobil) 3C Personal Risk Manager – URS Washington Division First Things First – Hazardous Energy Controlled, PPE, Housekeeping, Emergency Preparedness 10 Foot Circle -- Weyerhaeuser Dr. Pepper – 10, 2 and 4 SLAM – Stop, Look, Analyze and Manage

33. Five Practical Techniques for Hazard Recognition Planning The Work Ten Second Drill

34. Ten Second Drill Take 10 seconds to look at what is going on around you. How will your task impact others or yourself?

35. Five Practical Techniques for Hazard Recognition Planning The Work Ten Second Drill Out-of-View Observations

36. Out-of-View Observations Many hazards lurk behind closed doors, in closets, in cabinets, in drawers. It’s easy to spot issues within plain view. Take the time to look in cabinets, drawers, lockers, and under work benches and tables for out-of-plain-view hazards

37. Five Practical Techniques for Hazard Recognition Planning The Work Ten Second Drill Out-of-View Audits Ask the Two Key Questions

38. The Two Key Questions of Hazard Recognition 1. Is there anything different?

39. First Key Question – Is there anything different? Different based on your education, your life experiences, your expectations of the workplace. When you see something different and you don’t know if a hazard exists, ask someone who would know.

40. Second Key Question – Why not correct a hazard now before someone gets hurt? If someone gets hurt, would any changes be made to prevent recurrence? If not, then the hazard is an acceptable risk. If so, why not change the hazard now before someone is injured?

41. Five Practical Techniques for Hazard Recognition Last Minute Safety Check Ten Second Drill Out-of-View Audits The Key Questions of Hazard Recognition Equipment Inspections

42. OSHA Inspections Requirements for General Industry and Construction 250 General Industry Inspection Rules 150 Construction Inspection Rules

43. For a Complementary Copy of CTJ Safety’s OSHA-Required Inspections Checklists… Leave me your business card with e mail address Write your e mail address and phone number LEGIBLY on a sheet of paper E mail me at davidcoblecsp@aol.com

44. Summary Hazard recognition is a skill that requires training and persistence There is a best way to do every job – the efficient, high quality, cost effective and safe way Every organization needs a variety of hazard recognition techniques

45. Finally, Please go back to your initial list. Can you add techniques? Are there techniques that need improvement?

46. Thank you! David F. Coble, MS, CSP Coble, Taylor & Jones Safety Associates 919-466-7506 davidcoblecsp@aol.com