Museum Entrance

1. Welcome to the Museum of The Holocaust Museum Entrance Life In The Camps The Ghettos Stages Liberation Essential Q’s Curator’s Offices

2. Curator’s Office Curator’s Name Hannah Hartley Shayla Walley Shirley Ellis Ally Alvarado 2nd Period Social Studies This museum was created to inform people about the Holocaust. Contact me at [Your linked email address] Return to Entry Note: Virtual museums were first introduced by educators at Keith Valley Middle School in Horsham, Pennsylvania. This template was designed by Dr. Christy Keeler. View the Educational Virtual Museums website for more information on this instructional technique.

3. Stages Room 1 Return to Entry

4. The Ghettos Room 2 Return to Entry

5. Life in the Camps Room 3 Return to Entry

6. Liberation Room 4 Return to Entry

7. Essential Questions Room 5 Return to Entry

8. Definition Hitler’s first stage was Definition. It started in the early 1930’s. Jews were required to by law to: register for identity cards and label “Jew” on clothing, passport or businesses. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit

9. Expropration The second stage was Expropriation in the late 1930’s. Jews were forbidden to have bank accounts, own business and have certain jobs. Kristallnacht toke place during this stage. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit

10. Concentration The third stage was Concentration, which started in 1939. Jews were restricted to travel. Also, Jews were not allowed to attend school, and were forced to live ghettos and eventually concentration camps. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit

11. Annihilation The fourth stage was Annihilation also called the Final Stage. Millions of people were killed during this stage. Jews were mainly the target but others groups were killed too. Clothes, shoes, eye glasses and jewelry were taken from people. Nazis also banned certain political parties. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit

12. Warsaw Ghetto The Warsaw Ghetto was a ghetto that Jewish people were deported to in the Holocaust. People in the Warsaw Ghetto made their own weapons or smuggled weapons into the ghetto for self-defense. A group known as Z.O.B. was an organization formed in the Warsaw ghetto in attempt to resist the Germans and the Nazis. Some of the resisters did escape the ghetto, and some of the people lucky enough to escape joined partisan groups. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit

13. Mir Ghetto Building A building in the Mir Ghetto. The Mir Ghetto was another ghetto during the Holocaust, yet it was different from other ghettos. The Mir Ghetto had a barbed-wire fence around it, fencing a few streets in to make the ghetto. The Mir had 2 different ghettos, the first was established after a German Invasion, and the second was established after the Jewish holiday of Passover. Also, there was a massacre scheduled for the ghetto, so people in the ghetto set up resisting groups since they were aware of the planned attack and could prepare. “Testimony on the Escape from the Mir Ghetto by Eliezer Breslin.” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, n.d. Web. 31 May 2017. Return to Exhibit

14. Lodz Ghetto The Lodz Ghetto and the people there. People in the Lodz Ghetto had a hard life while they lived in the ghetto. As JuttaSzmirgeld (A person who experienced the Lodz Ghetto first hand) explained, they feel that wearing the yellow Star of David was being used to discriminate against them, just because they were Jewish. Another person who experienced the Lodz Ghetto, Sara Plagier, explains that she didn’t need a calendar while in the ghetto, because time is different in the ghetto – “Our lives were divided into periods based on the distribution of food.” She says. People in the Lodz Ghetto starved and were discriminated against. “Transcript for “Give Me Your Children”: Voices from the Lodz Ghetto.” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, n.d. Web. 26 May 2017. Return to Exhibit

15. People of Mir Ghetto People of the Mir Ghetto. A person from the Mir Ghetto, Eliezer Breslin, had an interesting experience at this ghetto in which differs from other experiences at other ghettos. Eliezer Breslin’s parents went to the Mir Ghetto first. Eliezer was working out of town, so he didn’t get deported to the ghetto. Although, he did soon move into the ghetto to be with his mother. His mother and him where deported to the second ghetto in Mir, and now Eliezer Breslin, his mother, and his brother where in the second ghetto together. There was a massacre scheduled, and Eliezer Breslin knew about it. The Judenrat told Eliezer Breslin to keep the massacre a secret, but other people in the ghetto got wind of the attack and as a result, people formed resisting groups in preparation for the attack. Fortunately, Eliezer escaped the Mir Ghetto. Many people escaped the Mir Ghetto, with their knowledge of the planned attack. “Transcript for “Give Me Your Children”: Voices from the Lodz Ghetto.” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, n.d. Web. 26 May 2017. Return to Exhibit

16. Auschwitz-Birkenau This picture shows the sign every prisoner saw when they passed the gates into Auschwitz concentration camp, the signs translates into “Work Sets You Free”. Auschwitz- Birkenau Camp was a labor camp that operated from 1940 to 1945 with 1.3 million prisoners transported to the camp in that time resulting 1.1 million dead. Prisoners first underwent selection, a process in which the SS determined if they were physically capable of performing labor. Most were sent to the gas chambers disguised as stalls to trick the victims. https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005189 Return to Exhibit

17. Dachau This picture shows the barracks and ammunition factory of the Dachau concentration camp on March or April 1933. The Dachau camp was established in 1933 and was the first concentration camp established by the Nazi party. Originally the prisoners in the camp consisted of people that could possibly pose a threat to the Nazi regime such as communists, Social Democrats, trade unionists, etc. The aftermath of Kristallnacht in 1938 led to 10,000 Jew’s transportation to the camp. Dachau was also the grounds in which Nazi physicians performed experiments on prisoners such as malaria and tuberculosis experiments, hypothermia experiments, etc. As many as 30,000 of Dachau’s prisoners were forced into the labor of making weapons. Dachau was liberated in 1945 by American troops. https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005214 Return to Exhibit

18. Chelmo The picture above shows Jews about to be gassed in Chelmno concentration camp. Chelmno was established in 1941 and ceased operations for good in 1945. Prisoners were killed by gas vans using carbon monoxide and the death toll for this death camp ranges from 150,000-300,000 mainly Jews. The castle located on Chelmno grounds was commandeered by the SS and Commander Herbert Lange to create a base camp. Prisoners were transported to the camp by train or lorry then gathered in the castle’s courtyard and told to undress and get into groups of 50. They were told they were going to be transferred to a work camp but instead were locked into gas vans. Few survived the death camp of Chelmno. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/history-and-overview-of-chelmno Return to Exhibit

19. Treblinka This is a picture of ChavaLeichter who was one of many to be killed in the Treblinka labor camp in 1942. In 1941 the SS establishes the forced labor camp of Treblinka that will later become Treblinka I. In response to Operation Reinhard the SS then established a killing center about a mile from the labor camps known as Treblinka II. Jew were transported by train car and then brought into the killing center. They were then told they have arrived at a transit camp and to relinquish all of their possessions. After getting undressed, prisoners were forced to run a camouflaged fenced-in path known as the “tube” to the gas chambers. Treblinka II was set to be shut down in 1943 with a death rate of about 870,000-925,000 Jews. Treblinka II was shut down by Soviet forces in 1944. https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005193 Return to Exhibit

20. Bergen-Belsen Medical Care Soon after liberation, a camp survivor receives medical care. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, after April 15, 1945. When Allied forces liberated the concentration camps in Europe, they discovered a horrific scene. Doctors found people that were just skin and bones. Many diseases spread through the camps, and lice was a huge problem. https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php?ModuleId=10005129&MediaId=736 Return to Exhibit

21. Dachau After U.S. soldiers liberated Dachau, soldiers found boxcars full of dead bodies. U.S. soldiers forced young boys (presumably member of the Hitler Youth, pictured in front of soldiers) to confront the barbarity. Dachau was first concentration camp built, and opened in March 1933. Dachau was located 10 miles northwest of Munich. It was liberated by United States forces on April 29, 1945. • http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/american-soldiers-find-dead-prisoners-in-boxcars • http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/history-and-overview-of-dachau Return to Exhibit

22. Dachau Medical Care Charlotte Chaney was a nurse in the US Army, and she describes how she and the other nurses helped the prisoners in Dachau concentration camp and how they treated their patients. Chaney describes how the nurses treated patients with different illnesses and how they shaved the patients heads, because of lice. She also describes the protective clothing that the nurses had to wear. http://iwitness.usc.edu/SFI/BrowseTopics.aspx Return to Exhibit

23. After Liberation This picture, taken in 1946, shows young Jewish female survivors in a convalescent home in Sweden. After World War II, many Holocaust survivors feared returning home because of the anti-Semitism they worried that they would encounter. So many survivors moved into convalescent homes and other refugee centers. Many survivors also emigrated to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, western Europe, Mexico, South America, and South Africa as displaced persons or refugees. • https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php?ModuleId=10005129&MediaId=1770 Return to Exhibit

24. Change in Gender Roles WWII impacted the society within the US by a change in gender roles as women were being employed more. During the war the number of working women increased from 14 million in 1940 to 19 million in 1945. Women were needed to fill in for roles traditionally done by men. Women joined the nurse corps and armed forces so more men could be sent into the battle without weakening the home front. In the manufacturing industry women were a large part of the expanded labor force. Women’s role in society advanced and changed greatly during the time of WWII with the expanding opportunities and new jobs. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit

25. America’s Economy America’s economy was also affected with previously unused business now a large part of war efforts and the expansion of these industries allowed a war time “boom”. These industries include weapon building and war vehicles such as tanks and took over many factories. Government spending increased from $9 billion in 1940 to $98 billion in 1945 and wages increased greatly across the country. Military spending stayed between 8-20% of GNP in the 40 years after 1945. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit

26. Inaction by America The inaction of American press during WWII greatly affected American citizens knowledge of what is happening in their world. The inaction of the press left Americans undereducated and clueless of what is happening on the other side of the world with the Holocaust. Instead of doing their own research American journalist simply listened to the misinformation provided by Nazi Germany and believed it as the truth. During the war press covered the prosecution of war and pursuit of victory for allies instead of broadcasting the horrific acts being performed on Jews at the same time. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit

27. Jewish Immigrants This picture shows Jewish immigrants in a class for new immigrants in America. After the Holocaust, many Jews had nowhere to go. They feared returning to their homes, because of the anti-Semitism they feared that they would experience. Many people stayed in Displaced Persons, or DP Camps. Most people in the DP Camps immigrated to Israel, about one-third immigrated to the US and several thousand remained in Europe. https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php?ModuleId=10005129&MediaId=1773 http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/dp_camps/index.asp Return to Exhibit

28. Radar The first radar (Radio Detection and Ranging) technology was developed in the 1930s by Robert Watson Watt and Arnold Wilkins, as the threat of aerial bombardment became very real. Because of the radar, British forces were able to spot German bombers from up to a mile away. I was crucial for the Allies success in WWII. http://home.bt.com/tech-gadgets/8-ground-breaking-and-life-saving-technologies-from-world-war-ii-11363989109925 Return to Exhibit

29. Liberation of Mauthausen Survivors of Mauthausen cheer American soldiers as they pass through the main gate of the camp. The photograph was taken several days after the liberation of the camp. This picture was taken in Mauthausen, Austria, on May 9, 1945. Mauthausen is located about three miles from the town of Mauthausen in Upper Austria, 12.5 miles southeast of Linz. About 197,464 prisoners passed through the Mauthausen camp, and at least 95,000 people died there. At least 14,000 were Jewish. https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005196 Return to Entrance

30. Labor in Ghettos Child forced laborer in a ghetto factory. The photo was taken in Kovno, Lithuania, between 1941 and 1944. Ghettos were set up to separate Jews from the rest of the pure Aryan race. There were at least 1,000 ghettos were established in Germany, Poland and the Soviet Union. The largest ghetto was the Warsaw ghetto, where more than 400,000 Jews were crammed into a space of 1.3 square miles. In many ghettos, people were forced to work in factories. https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005059 Return to Entrance

31. Auschwitz-Birkenau This picture is of the barracks in the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp. This photograph was taken after the liberation of the camp, after January 29, 1945. Auschwitz-Birkenau was the largest concentration camp, and included 3 camps. At least 1.3 million people died in Auschwitz between 1940 and 1945. The Soviet Union liberated Auschwitz-Birkenau on January 27,1945. https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005189 Return to Exhibit