The Future of the New 3 rd Generation and Wireless LAN Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WAP ARABCOM 2004

1. The Future of the New 3rd Generation and Wireless LAN Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WAP ARABCOM 2004 The 7th Arab International Telecom & IT Development Telecom & IT Development Wireless Technologies Forum and Expo June 16-17, 2004 Beirut – Lebanon By General Dr. Mohamed Atwi ma02@aub.edu.lb moatwi@hotmail.com General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

2. Questions to be Answered • What is our wireless World? • What are the different generations of wireless networks? • What are the driving forces behind these wireless technologies? • What exactly are these Wireless Networks? • What is Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WAP? • What kind of services can they give us? • The future of wireless • Recommendations General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

3. Our Wireless World We now live in a Weird, Wild, Wireless World where wireless networks are networked to others The purpose is to identify the concepts of wireless networks technology and how to use them effectively General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

4. What is Wireless? • The word wireless is one of those industry buzzwords that has many different meanings, and each is different depending on the circumstances • In general, you can safely divide the world of wireless into two types of technology: • Cellular • Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi) • The biggest difference between these wireless technologies is the range, the frequency, and the hardware General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

5. Types of wireless General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

6. The Cellular Network General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

7. The generation gap • 1G/Analog wireless Networks • is also known as the 1G technology • AMPS used in the US since 1983, and • is still in use, but losing ground to digital cellular General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

8. The generation gap • 2G/Digital Wireless Networks: GSM/IS-136/IS-95 • Uses same frequenciesas analog cellular • Signal is broken into tiny chunks (sampled), then encoded and broadcast as binary numbers, and then reassembled • Signal is transmitted in a binary format means that additional information can be added to the signal • Better use of bandwidth (i.e., more calls), • Better security, and • Enhanced service General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

9. The Global Standard for Mobile communications (GSM) • GSM is the predominant digital cellular technology in Europe and Asia. • GSM uses a combination of two digital formats: TDMA and FDMA. • GSM technology splits the calls into their own time slots, but also spreads the chunks across a number of frequencies. • Currently, as GSM moves towards 3G technology, it is more like a combination of TDMA with CDMA. General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

10. All user data: Billing Security, Service data BSS HLR PSTN/ ISDN VLR MSC BSS BSS Data needed to mange mobile calls. It contains a subset of HLR data Other MSCs GSM Network Architecture General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

11. The generation gap • 3G/W-CDMA/UMTS • Is to provide fairly high speed to support multimedia, data, and video in addition to voice • Is the trend toward universal personal telecommunication and universal communication access • PCS and PCN are names attached to these concepts and they also form objectives for 3G wireless • CDMA means that each call is assigned a unique code, and is then transmitted across multiple frequencies, depending on what is available. Because each digital call has a unique code, many calls can occupy the same frequencies at the same time General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

12. The generation gap (Cntd) • 3rd G (Third generation) • Is an ITU standard for the next generation, designed over and above the 2G technology • Can work with GSM and CDMA signals. Essentially, 3G offers a much higher bandwidththan the previous technologies • Full media Web browsing because of the faster bandwidth. Color LCD screens can display images and even animation, and the networks are fast enough to download files in acceptable amounts of time, and even small movies, from one phone to another • 4th G (Fourth generation) • Still under development General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

13. IMT-2000 • First planned in 1992 • ITU adopted the friendlier name IMT-2000: • The year 2000 • Data rate of 2000 Kbps • Frequencies in the 2000 MHZ region • None of these aspirations were fulfilled entirely, data rate is achievable, but under optimal conditions General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

14. Wideband- CDMA • Favored by most operators • Allow hard handovers to GSM • GSM can not be upgraded to W-CDMA without GPRS backbone • Wider BW allow higher data rates • Using Gold coding technique • Need for time synchronization General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

15. UMTS • Since 1996, W-CDMA standard has been known as UMTS • Proposal was picked up by Japanese and first network deployed by NTT Do Co Mo and J-Phone and have commercial services in operation by 2002 • Successful as GSM, quickly spreading to the rest of the world • Compatible with GSM General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

16. B-ISDN network ISDN network GSM network I ur Core Network I I I u ub ub Local Control for handover Macrodiversity UTRAN RNC RNC RNS RNS B Node B Node B Node B Node Site Contr. Site Contr. Site Contr. Site Contr. BTS BTS BTS BTS BTS BTS BTS BTS BTS BTS BTS BTS Controlling Radio Access RNS: Radio Network Subsystem UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network UMTS Architecture General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

17. Convergence of Services in IMT-2000 General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

18. Service Type Available over IMT-2000 General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

19. Use of spectrum by different mobile communications services General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

20. Spectrum allocation for 3G and MSS in major world economies General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

21. Up Grade Path to 3rd Generation General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

22. Understanding Wi-Fi • Wi-fi wireless devices operate at a much higher wireless frequency than cellular • Wi-Fi wireless is also intended to be used within a much shorter range • usually, anywhere from 100 to 500 feet. • mainly due to battery life constraints (most wi-fi devices are portable computers or handheld devices like PDAs). General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

23. Versions of IEEE 802.11/moniker wi-fiA wireless alternative for Internet and LAN access General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

24. Bluetooth • Was named after the tenth century King Haralad Blatland (translated Bluetooth) of Denmark • Bluetooth “unites” a variety of personal devices and designed specifically with handheld devices in mind: PCs, cellular telephones, headsets, handheld PCs, PDAs, printers, digital cameras, MP3, players, and so on. • Is slower than Wi-Fi (1 Mbps) • Operates in the 2.4 – 2.5 Ghz spectrum, has very good power consumption, andwireless alternative to cables “shortwire” replacement technology a range of about 150 feet. • Expect to see more Bluetooth enabled devices around home and office • Is ideal for networking all sorts of devices together, called piconet, up to 8 devices General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

25. Wireless Application Protocol • What is WAP? Not a communication protocol • Is a specification for transmitting data & information at high speeds along CDMA and GSM • Is the de facto standard for wireless Internet access via handheld devices, such as cellular phones • The most popular original use for WAP technology was to browse the Web over the cellular network • These "micro-browsers" combined WAP for data transfer with HTML to display Web content (text only) on the cellular phone's tiny LCD display General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

26. Wireless Application Protocol What can you do now with WAP? WAP's largest use is still for: • Internet and information services • Text Web browsing • e-mail access, and • up-to-the-minute stock symbol tickers General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

27. Wireless Application Protocol • What is on the horizon? • WAP has recently introduced its second incarnation. WAP 2.0 uses a form of XML called WML(Wireless Markup Language) for markup display on cellular phones. • The biggest advantage to WML is that content written using the language can be easily scaled to fit any device from tiny two line, text-only displays all the way to the larger graphic screens found in 3G cellular phones • WML micro browsers will be able to display color graphics, and is optimized for one-handed navigation General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

28. Warchalking • Warchalking is the term given to the activity of walking/driving around public places with an open laptop, trying to find unprotected Wi-Fi hotspots. • When a warchalker finds such a spot, marks it with a particular symbol, indicating to others that unprotected wireless access is available at that point • Used for networks that are intentionally left open to the public • Example: Coffeehouse Wi-Fi General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

29. The Future of Wireless • Wireless Home Network • Very high speed wireless Internet service may be headed to our doorstep • Line of sight microwave technologies provide as fiber optic-level speeds • Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS) as 1 G bps within a 35 miles radius • Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) is a wireless solution to bringing very high BW to homes and offices on the last mile of connectivity General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

30. Wireless Home Network General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

31. Wireless Home Network General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

32. Wireless Home Network General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

33. Results • 3G UMTS is compatible with the 2G GSM system • Voice quality • 144 Kbps for High - Mobility Users • 384 kbps available to pedestrians/medium mobility users • 2Mbit/s for Low- Mobility Users office use • Symmetrical/asymmetrical data transmission rates • Support for both packet & circuit switched data services • UMTS Terminals are Dual Mode Units i.e. They Are Able to Operate as GSM Terminals • Major Difference Is the New Radio Interface • Higher Bit Rate • Greater Flexibility General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

34. Summary • There are 3 main 3G systems, Collectively known as IMT-2000 and will offer packet switched data at rates exceeding 384 kbps: • W-CDMA is designed to be backward-compatible with GSM, and requires new spectrum. It is also known as UMTS and deployed in Japan • Cdma2000 is a straightforward upgrade to cdmaOne, but itself consists of two competing proposals • EDGE is a straightforward upgrade to GSM and is also compatible with other TDMA systems, such as D-AMPS and PDC General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

35. Summary • Wireless encompasses many types of devices and many brands of technology, but the trick to sorting through it all is to know exactly what you need to use the technology for, then branching out from there. • There's a best wireless solution for all computing needs General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

36. Recommendations Are Arab States in Need of 3G and Wireless LAN? General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI

37. Thank you General Dr. Mohamed ATOUI