Lesson Eleven You Have to Get Me Out of Here

1. Lesson ElevenYou Have to Get Me Out of Here Lissa Halls Johnson

2. Warming-up: Discussion • What should people do to survive in critical situations? • Katie’s motto “Face the fear, know what you have to do and do it.”

3. Background Information Mountaineer's Essentials • 1) At least one complete change of clothing including extra for such contingencies as rain & cold weather.2) Extra food. Include extra rations in your minimum. This is your insurance policy in case something goes really wrong.3) Sunglasses. Every time you set out for a strange area it's good to have a pair along.If you are planning on desert, alpine or winter camping, it's a rare occasion that you will not need them. Even Eskimos worry about snow blindness.4) A knife. A substantial pocket-knife is the order of the day. A good Swiss army knife is excellent or a Buck for bigger job. • 5) Fire starters. jelly, ribbon, tablets or impregnated peat bricks. There are emergencies where a fire is both necessary and difficult to start. Every kit must include a supply of starters of one kind or another.

4. 6) Emergency matches Fire starters alone don't a fire make. You need matches. Long wooden ones are best & soaked in wax to make them weather proof and keep them in a waterproof container. • 7) A first aid kit • 8) A flashlight. Everyone should carry his own and add extra batteries & bulbs just in case. • 9) Maps. You should have a map when going to all but the most familiar places. It's not only a safety factor but can add a lot of enjoyment to your trip, helping you to find the best spots and sights.10) A good quality compass. Even two might help in case the first one goes berserk.11) a space blanket. Today it's an invaluable safety precaution. Weighing only 2 ounces it opens up to a full 56"X84".It reflects up to 90% of a sleeper's body heat while at the same time keeping out rain, rain and snow.

5. What Causes Altitude Illnesses? • 1) At sea level: The concentration of oxygen: about 21% The barometric pressure: averages 760 mmHg. • 2) As altitude increases, the concentration remains the same but the number of oxygen molecules per breath is reduced. • 3) At 12,000 feet (3,658 meters) the barometric pressure is only 483 mmHg, so there are roughly 40% fewer oxygen molecules per breath. 

6. How to prevent Altitude Illnesses? • 1) If possible, don't fly or drive to high altitude. Start below 10,000 feet (3,048 meters) and walk up. • 2) If you do fly or drive, do not over-exert yourself or move higher for the first 24 hours. • 3) If you go above 10,000 feet (3,048 meters), only increase your altitude by 1,000 feet (305 meters) per day and for every 3,000 feet (915 meters) of elevation gained, take a rest day. • 4) Eat a high carbohydrate diet (more than 70% of your calories from carbohydrates) while at altitude. • 5) The acclimatization process is inhibited by dehydration（脱水）, over-exertion（用力过度）, and alcohol and other depressant drugs（镇静药物）.

7. 6) "Climb High and sleep low." This is the maxim used by climbers. You can climb more than 1,000 feet (305 meters) in a day as long as you come back down and sleep at a lower altitude. • 7) If you begin to show symptoms of moderate altitude illness, don't go higher until symptoms decrease • 8) If symptoms increase, go down, down, down! • 9) Keep in mind that different people will acclimatize at different rates. Make sure all of your party is properly acclimatized before going higher.

8. Words and phrases: 1. Medical terms • vein, artery, nerve endings, emergency-room staff, surgery, soft tissue, a severed leg, to cleanse a wound, etc.

9. 2. Shine, glow, gleam, shimmer • The star shone red on his cap. • Her eyes shone with excitement. • The metal glowed in the furnace. • Parents glowing with pride • The furniture gleamed after being polished. • A gleam of hope • A gleam of interest in this matter came into his eyes. • Moonlight is shimmering on the lake. • The surface of the road shimmered in the heat of the sun.

10. 3．Shake, tremble, shiver • The house shookas the heavy truck went past. • The victim described the enemy's bombardment in a voice shaking with emotion. 激动得发抖的声音 • I tremble at the very thought of it.不寒而栗 • leaves trembling in the breeze.颤动 • She shivered at the thought of going into the dark house alone.

11. 4. missing& lost • The missing letter was in his pocket • This book has 12 missing pages. • A lost child/pen/art/ship • Our advice was not lost on him.

12. 5. fashion: to shape or make, usu. with hands or with a few tools, • The children learn how to fashion clay into cups, vases, or whatever.

13. 6. Catch up with sb.: to finally start to cause trouble for sb. after they managed to avoid this for some time • Some day, his old wound will catch up with him.

14. 7. Wear off: (of a feeling, effect, etc. , esp. an unpleasant one) to become less strong, to be reduced until disappear • An hour after he took the medicine, his toothache began to wear off.

15. Structure of the text • Part ⅠIntroduction ( Para.1-2) • Part Ⅱ Katie’s getting hurt and being sent to hospital. ( Para.3-22) • Part Ⅲ After the accident Ketie was sent to the hospital with the help of Ric and other mountaineers. ( Para.23-32) • Part Ⅳ Katie’s recovery after the operations.( Para.33-38)