1 / 24

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) -the ___________________ of all cellular organisms and most viruses -the molecule which is used to encode genetic information for all life on Earth. Within cells, DNA is organized into structures called ______________

octavius-julius
Download Presentation

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid

  2. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) -the ___________________ of all cellular organisms and most viruses -the molecule which is used to encode genetic information for all life on Earth

  3. Within cells, DNA is organized into structures called ______________ Eukaryotes (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) store their DNA inside the cell’s ___________ While in prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) it is found in the cell's _______________

  4. In a normal ___________ cell, DNA is contained in the nucleus • The DNA coils around itself and proteins to form chromosomes • There are normally ____________ of chromosomes in a human cell

  5. Chromosomes 22 pairs of chromosomes are ______________ (body cells) The 23rd chromosome pair determines the sex of individual and is composed of either: two X chromosomes (XX: ___________) or an X and Y chromosome (XY: _______)

  6. Main Structure • A _______________ which consists of 3 parts: • Sugar = Deoxyribose • Phosphate • Nitrogenous Bases (4) “Double Helix” shape

  7. Double Helix Model X-ray of DNA “Twisted “ladder”

  8. 4 Nitrogenous Bases • ___=Adenine • ___=Thymine • ___=Guanine • ___=Cytosine Pairs: A+T = always G+C = always A + T G + C

  9. What are the matching BASE PAIRS? T A C T G C ___________ Now try this…. A C T G C A G T C A ____________________ You’ve got it!

  10. Who Discovered DNA? • In 1953, James WATSON and Francis CRICK established the _________________ structure • Used work from Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins in 1952 • Rosalind Franklin died in 1958 and did not get credit for her work

  11. DNA Replication Part 2 Notes • Replication=When DNA makes a______of itself • Why does DNA need to copy? • Cells divide for an organism to grow and reproduce • DNA gives_______________to cells • DNA replicates right before a cell divides • This is known as MITOSIS (remember?)

  12. Steps of DNA Replication 1. DNA double helix must “unzip” with the help of an enzyme called DNA__________ 2. New bases (A,T,G,C) are added 3. Two new strands are created, each with_______of the original strand

  13. What is RNA? • RNA=ribonucleic acid • DNA remains in the nucleus, but in order for it to get its instructions translated into proteins, it has to use RNA • RNA is similar to DNA except: • __________stranded • __________instead of Thymine • _________instead of deoxyribose

  14. Transcription • -mRNA (________________ RNA) - takes message from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes • DNA- GCGTATG • RNA- CGCAUAC

  15. Transcription • RNA is made from DNA in the nucleus • RNA moves to ribosomes to make_________________ Transcription Video End of Part 2 Notes

  16. Part 3 Notes Translation • -_____________are made from the message on the RNA -_________________ is translated from mRNA triplets (3 base pairs called__________)into amino acids -Example:UGG codonis tryptophan (the amino acid found in turkey) *These amino acids are then made into proteins*

  17. What is a Codon? • _____________________that code for a specific amino acid • 64 codons (ex: GCU, GGU) • 20 amino acids (ex: Alanine, Glycine)

  18. Translation & Protein Synthesis -tRNA (___________ RNA) - carries amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosome -_______________ - a region of tRNA consisting of 3 bases that are complementary to the codon of mRNA Example: -mRNA codon UGC =tRNA codon ACG Steps: codons proteins amino acids

  19. Protein Synthesis:The Big Picture Animation: Protein Synthesis

  20. Function of DNA • ____________of genetic information • Transmission of genetic information • Allows for genetic _____________

  21. DNA Damage • DNA damage can result from spontaneous alteration of the DNA molecule or from the interaction of numerous ____________and____________agents with the structural DNA molecule • Ex’s: UV radiation, carcinogens, etc.

  22. DNA Damage • Spontaneous _________ can occur during normal cellular processes, such as, DNA replication, DNA repair, or gene rearrangement, or through chemical alterations of the DNA molecule itself • The various forms of spontaneous and induced DNA damage can give rise to different types of _______________ • Why are mutations important?

  23. DNA uses in Technology • Genetic engineering - alters the genetics makeup of an organism; not natural! Ex: GMOs • Forensic science - solving crimes using DNA • _______________ - Human Genome Project • DNA nanotechnology - create electronic structures Biotoxins present in peanut leaves (bottom image) protect it from extensive damage caused by European corn borer larvae (top image)

More Related