Unit 3 Internet Basics

1. Unit 3 Internet Basics 3.04 Malicious Software Can Travel and Spread

2. The objective of computer security includes • protection of information and property from theft, corruption, or natural disaster, • while allowing the information and property to remain accessible and productive to its intended users. Introduction

3. At the end of this lesson, student will be able to: • Practice safe, ethical, and legal use of technology systems and digital content. (ACOS #13) • Explain consequences of unsafe and illegal use of technology systems and digital content (ACOS #13.B1) • Distinguish between various forms of malicious code Introduction

4. In the early days of computing, a hacker was a person who enjoyed learning details of computer systems and writing clever programs, referred to as hacks. • Although many people still use the term hacker to describe software manipulation, it more commonly refers to unauthorized access to computer systems. • In addition to programming his own computer, the hacker may break into others. Lesson: Computer Crime

5. The most famous case of electronic trespassing was documented in Cliff Stoll's best-selling book, The Cuckoo's Egg. • While working as a system administrator for a university computer lab in 1986, Stoll traced a 75-cent accounting error to a ring of hackers working for the KGB. Lesson: Computer Crime

6. The most common form of computer crime, however, is theft. • Computers are used to steal money, goods, information, and computer resources. • This may be accomplished through the use of malicious code, or malware, which is software designed to infiltrate a computer system without the owner's consent. • Malware includes but is not limited to the following: • adware, • computer viruses, • spyware, • Trojan horses, and • worms. Lesson: Computer Crime

7. Definitions • Malware, (malicious) is software designed to infiltrate a computer system without the owner's consent . • Malware includes the following: • Adware automatically plays, displays, or downloads advertisements to a computer after the software is installed on it • Computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer. Viruses can increase their chances of spreading to other computers by infecting files on a network file system • Spyware is a type of malware that is installed on computers and collects information about users without their knowledge • Trojan Horse appears to perform a desirable function for the user but instead facilitates unauthorized access to the user's computer system • Worm uses a network to send copies of itself to other nodes (computers on the network) Lesson: Computer Security

8. Definitions • Adware • Advertising is integrated into or bundled with the software • Developer gets income from advertisers • Users may find ads to be • Interruptions or annoyances • Distractions • be given option to pay for a “licensed” copy to do away with the ads • Often appears in software that is free • Often designed to note what Internet sites the user visits • Adware can also download and install Spyware Lesson: Computer Security

9. Definitions • Computer Virus • Definition: a series of instructions buried into a program which cause the computer to destroy data when given a certain signal • Virus is duplicated each time the software is copied • It spreads • Can spread to all computers on a network Lesson: Computer Security

10. Definitions • Spyware • The presence of spyware is typically hidden from the user. • Spyware is known to change : • computer settings, resulting in slow connection speeds • different home pages • and/or loss of Internet Lesson: Computer Security

11. Definitions • Trojan Horse • Designed to allow a hacker remote access to a target computer system • Possible for a hacker to access it remotely and perform various operations, such as: • Data theft (e.g. passwords, credit card information, etc.) • Installation of software (including other malware) • Downloading or uploading of files • Modification or deletion of files • Keystroke logging • Viewing the user's screen • Wasting computer storage space • Trojan horses require interaction with a hacker to fulfill their purpose • It is possible for hackers to scan computers on a network in the hope of finding one with a Trojan horse installed, that the hacker can then use to control the target computer Lesson: Computer Security

12. Definitions • Worm • A computer worm is a self-replicating computer program • It uses a network to send copies of itself to other nodes (computers on the network) • This is due to the poor security the computers infected have • Unlike a virus, it does not need to attach itself to an existing program • Worms almost always cause at least some harm to the network, if only by consuming bandwidth, whereas viruses almost always corrupt or modify files on a targeted computer • To prevent • Be wary of opening unexpected email • Don’t run attached files or programs or visit web sites that are linked to such emails • Anti-virus and anti-spyware software are helpful, but must be kept up-to-date • The use of a firewall is also recommended. Lesson: Computer Security

13. Definitions • Phishing • Definition: The criminally fraudulent process of attempting to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit card details by masquerading as a trustworthy site. • The term is a variant of fishing; alludes to baits used to “catch” financial information and passwords • Characteristics: • Lures unsuspecting public • Typically carried out by e-mail or instant messaging • Often directs users to enter details at a fake website that looks almost identical to the legitimate one. Lesson: Computer Security

14. Definitions • Computer Crime • Willful destruction of computer data is vandalism • Electronic destruction • More costly than physical destruction • May be life-threatening • Computer crimes cost the nation billions of dollars each year Lesson: Computer Security

15. Do you let spyware sneak onto your computer to give others a peek at information you enter online? • Get wise to the spyware guise and test yourself by taking the On Guard Online Spyware Quiz. • Take a screenshot at the end of the quiz • Save to your F Drive in your Unit 3 Folder as • 3.04 On Guard Online Spyware Quiz Lesson: Computer Security

16. A software virus works in the same way as a biological virus, which can invade the cells of another organism and use the reproductive machinery of each host cell to make copies of itself. • A software virus spreads from program to program, or from disk to disk, and uses each infected program or disk to make more copies of itself. • Virus software is usually hidden in the operating system of a computer or in an application program. • Some viruses do nothing but reproduce; others display messages on the computer's screen; still others destroy data or erase disks. Lesson: Computer Security

17. Definitions • Like viruses, worms (named for tapeworms), use computer hosts to reproduce themselves. • But unlike viruses, worm programs travel independently over computer networks, seeking out uninfected workstations to occupy. • A typical worm segment resides in a workstation's memory rather than on disk, so the worm can be eliminated by shutting down all of the workstations on the network. Lesson: Computer Security

18. Open Microsoft Word and answer the 6 questions below • Save to your F Drive in your Unit 3 Folder as • 3.04 Practice • Number 1. automatically plays, displays, or downloads advertisements to a computer after the software is installed on it • Number 2. a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer • Number 3. a type of malware that is installed on computers and collects information about users without their knowledge • Number 4. appears to perform a desirable function for the user but instead facilitates unauthorized access to the user's computer system • Number 5. uses a network to send copies of itself to other nodes (computers on the network) • Number 6. Often directs users to enter details at a fake website that looks almost identical to the legitimate one Practice

19. Willful destruction of computer systems and information is considered vandalism and is a crime. • As a matter of fact, electronic destruction is more costly than physical destruction. • Of course, theft is theft whether it is robbing a bank or stealing money by gaining access to a person’s account numbers through computer hacking. • Malicious software can certainly be aggravating to the user, but it can also destroy your computer and data. • Criminals often use some form of malicious software to steal money from your bank accounts and to steal your identity. • To protect yourself and your data, you should be aware of the potential threats. Review

20. Review the vocabulary words in this lesson • Complete the 3.04 Vocabulary Practice. • The Quiz will ask you to match the vocabulary words to definitions and to select the appropriate word for a given sentence. • You may use your notes and this PowerPoint to complete it. Task

21. You should have 14 things saved on your F Drive in your Unit 3 Folder. • 3.01 Network Tutorial • 3.01 How Networks Work • 3.01 History and Internet Dropbox • 3.02 Skills Check 3 • 3.02 Boolean QC Chart • 3.02 How Stuff Works Brain Quiz • 3.02 Searching the Web Dropbox • 3.03 Intel Education • 3.03 Tutorial for Info Power • 3.03 Side Trip • 3.03 Evaluating Web Sites Dropbox • 3.04 On Guard Online Spyware Quiz • 3.04 Practice • 3.04 Vocabulary Practice • So, are you finished? Are you finished?