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Internet Basics

Internet Basics. By Dr. Amos Olagunju. What is the Internet?. The Federal Networking Council (FNC) agrees that the following language reflects the definition of the term “Internet”

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Internet Basics

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  1. Internet Basics By Dr. Amos Olagunju

  2. What is the Internet? • The Federal Networking Council (FNC) agrees that the following language reflects the definition of the term “Internet” • Internet refers to the global information system logically linked together by a global unique address space based on the Internet Protocol (IP) or its subsequent extensions/follows-ups

  3. What is the Internet? • The Internet is a global systems of worldwide network of computer networks together with the users and data. • Uses the same language (TCP/IP) • Include email, listservs, newsgroups, chat rooms, etc, as well as the World Wide Web • Pretty much uncontrolled – consensual anarchy

  4. History of the Internet • In the early 1970s, the U.S. Defense Dept. created a network called ARPANET • In 1989 NSF assumes control of ARPANET and built its own network based on this technology • In 1991 the World Wide Web was created by Tim Berners-Lee as a simple way to publish information and make it available on the Internet. Thanks Tim • In 1994 Stanford graduate students developed world famous Internet directory called Yahoo!

  5. History of the Internet continued. • In 1995, the NSF handed over control of the Internet backbone to MCI, Sprint, and other commercial carriers. • In 1996 Internet courses offered in colleges. • Today it’s a collection of high-speed networks composed of original NSF backbone and thousands of networks across the whole world.

  6. How does the Internet Work? • Data is transmitted across the Internet through a series of protocols known collectively as TCP/IP. • A protocol is an agreed-upon set of conventions that define the rules of communication. • Internet uses the TCP/IP protocol to ensure that data is transmitted correctly, regardless of incompatible hardware and operating systems.

  7. How does the Internet Work? • Data is sent across the Internet in packets, with each packet limited in size. • The rules for creating, addressing, and sending the packets are specified by TCP/IP. • TCP divides the file into packets, then numbers each packet. • IP sends each packet on its way

  8. How does the Internet Work? • Data is sent across the Internet in “packets” with each packet passing through several networks to get to its destination. • Each network has its own router that determines how best to move the message forward, taking into account the traffic on the network. • Data is sent across the globe in seconds

  9. Physical Components • In addition to the various software protocols that make up the Internet, transmitting information over the Internet involves the physical components as well. • These components include servers, routers, and the networks themselves. • Servers respond to requests for services.

  10. Physical Components continued. • A router is a special purpose computer that directs packets of data along the network. • Routers can detect if part of the network is down or congested, and then reroute traffic. • Networks provide the physical means to transport packets of information.

  11. IP Address • Each computer and router on the Internet must have a name representing a unique IP address used to identify it. • IP address-is a special formulated number assigned to each computer on the Internet. • IP addresses are usually written as four decimal numbers separated by periods.

  12. IP Address continued. • An IP address consists of 32 bits or equivalent for bytes • Each IP address consists of a network component and a host component. • IP address play a vital role in the routing of packets over the Internet.

  13. Advantages of Internet • Internet users have access to a wide variety of services • Electronic mail, file transfer • Vast information resources • Interest group membership, interactive collaboration • Multimedia displays, real-time broadcasting, shopping opportunities and much more. • Without the Internet E-commerce cannot exist.

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