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Cell Structure & Function

Cell Structure & Function. Definition of Cell. A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. Cell Theory. All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.

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Cell Structure & Function

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  1. Cell Structure & Function

  2. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

  3. Cell Theory • All living things are made up of cells. • Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. • All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

  4. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

  5. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

  6. Prokaryotic • Do not have structures surrounded by membranes • Few internal structures • One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

  7. EUKARYOTIC • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes • Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

  8. “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

  9. “Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

  10. CELL PARTS Organelles Structure in a Eukaryotic cell that can act as a storage site, process energy, move materials, or manufacture substance

  11. SURROUNDING THE CELL

  12. CELL MEMBRANE • Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell • Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  13. CELL WALL • Found in plant cells & bacteria • ONLY in PLANT cells, NOT in animal cells • Tough, rigid outer covering • Protects cell and gives it shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  14. INSIDE THE CELL

  15. NUCLEUS • Directs cell activities • Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane • Contains genetic material - DNA

  16. CHROMOSOMES • In nucleus • Made of DNA • Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  17. NUCLEOLUS • Inside nucleus • Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  18. CYTOPLASM • Gel-like mixture • Surrounded by cell membrane • Contains hereditary material

  19. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • Series of folded membranes • Moves materials around in cell • Smooth type: lacks ribosomes • Rough type: ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  20. RIBOSOMES • Each cell contains thousands • Make proteins • Found on Endoplasmic reticulum & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  21. MITOCHONDRIA • Breaks down food and makes energy • Controls level of water and other materials in cell • Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates • POWER HOUSE of the cell Singular: mitochondrion http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  22. GOLGI BODIES • Sort and package proteins • Move materials within the cell • Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  23. LYSOSOME • Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates • Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal • Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  24. VACUOLES • Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal • Contains water solution • Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  25. CHLOROPLAST • Usually found in plant cells (NOT in animal cells) • Contains green chlorophyll • Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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