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Perfectionism: What it is. What is was. What it should be.

Perfectionism: What it is. What is was. What it should be. By: Heather Jackson EDUC 5371 Dr. Leffingwell. Normal or healthy (Nugent, 2000). Neurotic (Nugent, 2000). Self-oriented (Schuler and Siegle, 2004 and Speirs Neumeister, 2004). Other-oriented (Schuler and Siegle, 2004).

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Perfectionism: What it is. What is was. What it should be.

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  1. Perfectionism: What it is.What is was.What it should be. By: Heather Jackson EDUC 5371 Dr. Leffingwell

  2. Normal or healthy (Nugent, 2000). Neurotic (Nugent, 2000). Self-oriented (Schuler and Siegle, 2004 and Speirs Neumeister, 2004). Other-oriented (Schuler and Siegle, 2004). Socially prescribed (Schuler and Siegle, 2004 and Speirs Neumeister, 2004). Types of Perfectionism:

  3. Factors which contribute to Perfectionism: • Unrealistic and unattainable goals (Nugent, 2000). • Perfect parents or parents’ desire for their children to be perfect (Nugent, 2000). • Fear of failure which leads to procrastination (Callard—Szulgit, 2003). • Society (Greenspan, 2000).

  4. Eating disorders such as Anorexia and Bulimia (Cockell, Goldner, and Srikameswaran, 2003). Depression leading to Suicide (Flett and Hewitt, 2002). Under Achievement (Nugent, 2000). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, OCD (Frost and Marten DiBartolo, 2002). Alcoholism (Orange, 1997). Signs and Symptoms of Neurotic or Unhealthy Perfectionism:

  5. More Signs and Symptoms • Medical Conditions such as: erectile dysfuncuntion, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Dysmorphobia, Ulcerative Colitis, Insomnia, Migraines, and Panic Disorders (Parker, 2000).

  6. Model graceful acceptance of your own shortcoming. Laugh at yourself and share your faults (Nugent, 2000 and Worgul, 2005). Be gracious and forgiving of others’ failures and shortcomings (Worgul, 2005). Teach that mistakes are a process of learning instead of failure (Worgul, 2005, Speirs Neumeister, 2004, and Nugent, 2000). Coping strategies and remediation for Perfectionism and Perfectionists:

  7. Educate children about signs and symptoms of healthy vs. unhealthy perfectionism (Worgul, 2005). Encourage active listening—body posture and facial expressions etc (Nugent, 2000). Model and teach how to set recognizable, realistic and obtainable goals (Nugent, 2000). Art and Writing (Nugent, 2000). Bibliotherapy (Nugent, 2000). Coping and Remediation Cont:

  8. Richard Corey WHENEVER Richard Cory went down town, We people on the pavement looked at him: He was a gentleman from sole to crown, Clean favored, and imperially slim. And he was always quietly arrayed, And he was always human when he talked; But still he fluttered pulses when he said, "Good-morning," and he glittered when he walked. And he was rich—yes, richer than a king, And admirably schooled in every grace: In fine, we thought that he was everything To make us wish that we were in his place. So on we worked, and waited for the light, And went without the meat, and cursed the bread; And Richard Cory, one calm summer night, Went home and put a bullet through his head.

  9. Bibliography • Callard—Szulgit, R. (2003). Perfectionism and Gifted Children. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Education. • Cockell, S. J., Goldner, E. M. and Srikameswaran S. (2002). Perfectionism and Eating Disorders. In G. L. Flett and P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism (pp. 319 – 340). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. • Flett, G. L. and Hewitt, P. L. (2002). Perfectionism and Maladjustment: An Overview of Theoretical, Definitional, and Treatment Issues. In G. L. Flett and P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism (pp. 5 – 31). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

  10. Bibliography Con’t: • Frost, R. O. and Marten DiBartolo, P. (2002). Perfectionism, Anxiety, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. In G. L. Flett and P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism (pp. 341 – 371). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. • Greenspan, T. S. (2000). ‘Healthy Perfectionism’ is an Oxymoron! Journal of SecondaryGifted Education, 11(4), 197 – 208. • Nugent, S. A. (2000). Perfectionism: Its Manifestation and Classroom-Based Interventions. Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, 11(4), 215 – 221. • Orange, C. (1997). Gifted Students and Perfectionism. Roeper Review, 20(1), 39 – 41.

  11. Bibliography Con’t: • Parker, W. D. (2000). Healthy Perfectionism in the Gifted. Journal of Secondary GiftedEducation, 11(4), 173 – 183. • Parker, W. D. (2002). Perfectionism and Adjustment in Gifted Children. In G. L. Flett and P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism (pp. 133 – 148). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. • Pruett, G. P. (2004). Intellectually Gifted Students’ Perceptions of Personal Goals and Work Habits. Gifted Child Today, 27(4), 54 – 57. • Schuler, P. A. and Siegle, D. (2000). Perfectionism Differences in Gifted Middle School Students. Roeper Review, 23(1), 39 – 44.

  12. Bibliography Con’t: • Speirs Neumeister, K. L. (2004). Understanding the Relationship between Perfections and Achievement Motivation in Gifted College Students. Gifted Child Quarterly, 48(3), 219 – 231. • Speirs Neumeister, K. L. (2004). Interpreting Success and Failures: The Influence of Perfectionism on Perspective. Journal of the Education for the Gifted, 27(4), 311 – 335. • Worgul, D. (2005, June 17). Children’s perfectionism can lead to misery and even mediocrity. The Kansas Star, No page numbers listed.

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