Ch 7, Sec 1, Part B The New Immigrants

1. Ch 7, Sec 1, Part BThe New Immigrants

2. Upon arriving in the United States, many immigrants sought out what? • People like themselves and a community similar to what they were accustomed to 2. Many immigrants retained what traits from their original homeland? • Their native language • Their native religion • Their native holidays, customs, etc

3. 3. What is an ethnic community? • It is a situation in which members of an ethnic group (let’s say Italians, for example) live in close proximity to one another (a neighborhood perhaps), and share in a common ethnic culture 4. What is a basic definition of culture? • Culture is a way of life

4. 5. What does the term ethnic basically mean? • Basically it is a subgroup of race, that is a group within a larger group. • For example, the Scots are an ethnic group within Great Britain. • Usually, ethnic groups share some degree of biological kinship with one another along with cultural kinship • For example, in Europe and the United States, there were (and are) all sorts of white people who were members of different ethnic groups. • Examples include: Irish, Poles, Sicilians, Greeks, Basques, Latvians, Welsh, Swedes, Ukrainians, Jews, Czechs, etc.

5. 6. From the mid-1800s to the 1920s, many native-born American whites often viewed immigrant members of different ethnic groups as a what? • As a threat to the American Way of Life 7. Such hostility towards ethnic immigrants by native-born Americans became known as what? • Nativism

6. 8. Nativism gave birth to what? • Anti-Immigrant groups • A call for restrictions on immigration 9. Many American Nativists in the 1800s and early 1900s were of what descent? • Anglo-Saxon (English) 10. Who were some of the ethnic whites disliked by the Nativists in the mid-1800s? • The Irish, particularly Irish-Catholic immigrants who entered the U.S. around the 1840s

7. 11. By the late-1800s and early 1900s, Nativists were increasingly hostile to what immigrant groups? • Eastern and Southern Europeans, namely Italians, Poles, Russians, Jews, and other Non-Protestants • They also opposed Asian immigration to the West Coast, namely Chinese and Japanese

8. 12. Throughout the Nativist episodes of the 1800s and early 1900s, what form of Christianity did Nativists oppose the most? • Roman Catholicism 13. What other religion and ethnic group did many Nativists particularly object to? • Judaism and Jews

9. 14. What was the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act? • A Federal law which banned Chinese from entering the United States, with exceptions only for students, teachers, merchants, and Chinese government officials 15. When was the Chinese Exclusion Act finally repealed (ended)? • 1943 • Basically, the law was in effect around 60 years

10. 16. What was the Gentlemen’s Agreement of 1907-1908? • Japan and the U.S. President, Theodore Roosevelt, worked out an arrangement in which Japan would restrict unskilled workers from emigrating (leaving a country) and immigrating (entering a country) to the U.S. • In exchange, the city of San Francisco, California agreed to end the segregation of Japanese school students.