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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Invaders Rule Egypt. Hyksos ruled Egypt from 1640-1570 B.C. Used chariots to overwhelm Encouraged Hebrew settlement Racially similar to Hyksos Pharaohs regain power and force Hyksos out Enslaved Hebrews. New Kingdom. Strongest period of Egyptian culture

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4

  2. Invaders Rule Egypt • Hyksos ruled Egypt from 1640-1570 B.C. • Used chariots to overwhelm • Encouraged Hebrew settlement • Racially similar to Hyksos • Pharaohs regain power and force Hyksos out • Enslaved Hebrews

  3. New Kingdom • Strongest period of Egyptian culture • Mighty army that invaded • Hatshepsut • Encouraged trade

  4. New Kingdom • Thutmose III • More warlike • Invaded Nubia to the south • Extended Egypt’s lands and power

  5. Egyptians and Hittites • Enemies at first, later forms a strong treaty • Ramses II • Pharaoh who proposes treaty • Great builder

  6. Empire Declines • “Sea Peoples” invaded • Empire broke into regions and power faded

  7. Kushites • Nubia is a region south of Egypt • Kush is a Nubian Kingdom • Kush occupied by Egypt but gained independence during Egyptian decline • Kush occupied again during New Kingdom • Egyptians gave strong influence on Kush • Egyptian culture spread through all of Africa through Kush

  8. Kushites • As New Kingdom fell to invaders, Kushites saw themselves as guardians of Egyptian ways • Defeated by the Assyrians • Establish a capital at Meroe were they prospered

  9. The Assyrians • Advanced military • Open to invasion so they learned how to fight • Culture revolved around military strength • Ruthless conquerers

  10. Assyrian Empire • Conquered Syria, Palestine, and Babylonia • Used local governors to control lands, collect taxes and tributes • Those cities that refused were destroyed • People banished

  11. Culture • Nineveh • Assyrian capital • Ornate sculptures • Library • King Ashurbanipal • Epic of Gilgamesh

  12. Assyrian Decline • Stretched themselves thin • Cruel rule created many enemies • Nineveh destroyed by combined forces of Medes and Chaldeans

  13. Babylon • Nebuchadnezzar • Restored the city of Babylon • Hanging Gardens • Astronomy • Buildings

  14. Persia • Persians used tolerance and diplomacy • Backed by a strong military • Competed with the Medes

  15. Cyrus • Military genius • Conquer that controlled a vast empire • But…a tolerant ruler • Honored local customs • Prayed at local temples • Banned looting and burning by his soldiers

  16. Cyrus Successors • Cambyses • Opposite of his father’s rule • Darius • Brought peace • Led conquest • Established organized rule

  17. Darius • Organized Rule • Divided into 20 parts • Divided by “nationalities” • Kept culture/religion of area • Satrap – appointed local governor • Royal Road • Standardized coins

  18. Chinese Emperors • Under Shi Huangdi, the Qin Dynasty had unified China • Government falls apart after his death

  19. Chinese Emperors • Liu Bang • Defeated rival to take power • Han Dynasty • Lasted for 400 years • Established centralized government

  20. Chinese Emperors • Empress Lu • Liu Bang’s wife • Wudi • Liu Bang’s great-grandson • Defeated Xiongnu nomads • Expanded China’s territory

  21. Han Society • Emperor ruled by divine authority • Good emperor = peace • Bad empeeror = chaos • Government • Large • Taxes • A month of service • Labor or military

  22. Civil Service • Civil service • Government jobs that civilians obtained by taking exams • Confucianism • Chinese most prominent scholar • Taught moral character, importance of family, organization • Wealthy • Could teach their sons= wealthy gets government jobs

  23. Han Culture • Technology • Paper • Education • Efficient • Agriculture • Center of Han life • Commerce • Government monopolies • Silk Roads

  24. Han Culture • Assimilation – making someone part of another culture • Women • Homelife • Wealthy had opportunities

  25. Imbalance • Landowners • Land was expensive • Small plots yielded fewer crops • Taxes • Landowners did not pay taxes • Rich got richer; poor got poorer

  26. Han Collapse • Instability • Lack of leadership • Wang Mang overthrows Han leaders, ends Han dynasty • Angered the wealthy • Flood created devastation

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