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Imperialists Divide Africa

Imperialists Divide Africa. Chapter 27 Section 1. Daily Objective & Do Now. Daily Objective: analyze reasons for imperialism & its continuing effects on African nations today. Do Now: What are some reasons why larger nations take over or exert power over smaller nations?.

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Imperialists Divide Africa

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  1. Imperialists Divide Africa Chapter 27 Section 1

  2. Daily Objective & Do Now Daily Objective: analyze reasons for imperialism & its continuing effects on African nations today. Do Now: What are some reasons why larger nations take over or exert power over smaller nations?

  3. I Africa Before Imperialism • Before imperialism of Africa African ppl were divided into hundreds of ethnic & linguistic groups (over 1,000 diff lang.) • Some kept traditional beliefs others converted to Christianity or Islam • Af. Empires and armies able to fend of European armies for over 400 yrs • Set up and controlled trade networks • Wasn’t until the intro of riverboats could Europeans navigate and explore further into mainland Af.

  4. II Nations Compete for Overseas EmpiresA. The Congo Sparks Interests • Stanley goes to Africa and signed treaties w/ local chiefs of Congo River Valley giving king of Belgium personal control of lands • Claimed goal was to stop slave trade but he forced native people to labor • Forced labor to collect sap from rubber plants • Conditions so severe the global com. SignedBelgium gov’t takes over colony • France also makes treaty giving them northern Congo • Other European countries claim parts of Africa

  5. B. Motives Driving Imperialism • Econ, Pol., & social forces taking over lands all parts of world • Imperialism= takeover of country or terr. By a stronger nation w/ intent on dominating pol, econ, & social of the ppl in that nation • Industrial Revimperialism for raw materials • Nationalism alsoimperialism because of need to show power • Tech advancement of Euros more other ppl their belief of superiority • Racism= idea that one race is superior to others

  6. Social Darwinism based idea of Charles Darwin's ‘survival of the fittest” applied to society • Those most fit for survival enjoyed wealth U& success & were considered superior to others • Non Europeans considered lower scale culturally and physically because they did not have equal tech • Europeans believed it was their right and duty to bring their progress to others • Push for expansion also from missionaries looking to convert ppl in order to “civilize” and “westernize”

  7. C. Forces Enabling Imperialism • Maxim gun invented • World first automatic weapon • European countries acquire the weapon while African nations had outdated weapons • Steam engine also allowed Europeans estab bases on control deep into Africa • All these made control over African easier

  8. Europeans highly susceptible to malaria • Regular doses of a new drug, quinine, protected against malaria • Diff among ethnic groupswars that caused disunityeuroperans playing rival groups against each other

  9. III African Lands became European ColoniesA. Berlin Conference Divides Africa • Comp for control of landsfears among Europe nation that war would break out • Berlin conference (1844-5) laid down the rules for the division of Africa to prevent war • Any nation could claim land by notifying other nations of their claims and showing they could control that area • divided continent w/ no thought to how ethnic or lang. groups were dist.

  10. B. Demand for Product Shapes Colonies • As Europeans colonized they believed conquered Africans would buy Euro goods in mass quantizes • Did not happen but euro co.s needed raw materialsdev. Of cash crop plantationsdisplacement of food crops used to feed farmers & fams • Largest resources on continent was mineral resources (copper & tin) which was small compared to gold & diamonds in S Af.

  11. IV Three Groups Clash over South Africa • History of South Africa is history of Africans, Dutch, & British clashing over land & resources • Locals wars shook S Af.Zulu chief Shaka creating large centralized state • Successors could not keep controlZulu land to GB • Dutch settlers AKA Boers set up station for their ship on Cape of Good Hope • Gradually take over African's land and est. large farms • Boars and British clash over GB policy regarding land and slavery

  12. Great Trek= Boers moving north to escape British fighting w/ other African groups • Discover of diamonds and gold in southern Africa outsiders coming into country • Boars take up arms against the BritishBoaer Wars • First modern total war • Boars used guerilla tactics while British burn down boer farms & prisoners in concentration camps • GB wins Boer Wars  unification of lands creating Union of South Africa controlled by GB

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