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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis. 11.18.13 – 11.21.13 Ms. Millers Biology Class. Objective for 11.18.13. Identify the parts of the chloroplast and what phase of photosynthesis occurs in which organelles CLE 3210.3.3 Investigate the relationship between the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

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Photosynthesis

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  1. Photosynthesis 11.18.13 – 11.21.13 Ms. Millers Biology Class

  2. Objective for 11.18.13 • Identify the parts of the chloroplast and what phase of photosynthesis occurs in which organelles • CLE 3210.3.3 Investigate the relationship between the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

  3. DO NOW 11.18.13 • How does photosynthesis benefit plants? • What is the benefit of photosynthesis for humans? • Do air, soil, water or minerals provide energy for photosynethesis?

  4. Where does photosynthesis occur? • In the chloroplast of plant cells

  5. The reaction Sunlight Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen 6CO2 + 6H20 C6H12O6 + 6O2 Chlorophyll Sunlight Chlorophyll

  6. Photosynthesis occurs in two phases. • Light-dependent reactions • Light-independent reactions

  7. Phase I: Light Dependent Reaction • Absorption of light is the first stage of photosynthesis • This process is started in the chloroplasts

  8. Chloroplast: Draw and Label

  9. Vocabulary • Thylakoid: Flattened saclike membranes that are arranged in stacks • These stacks are called grana. • All Light Dependent reactions take place in the Thylakoid

  10. Vocabulary • Stroma: the fluid filled space outside of the grana in the chloroplast. • The Stromais the site of the light Independent reactions in Phase II

  11. Exit Ticket 11.18.13 • Where does phase I of photosynthesis occur? • What is the source of energy for photosynthesis? • In your own words explain the difference between dependent and independent in terms of light.

  12. Do Now 11.19.13 • Based on the graph what colors of light does chlorophyll b absorb most? • Based on the graph what colors of light do the chlorophyll reflect?

  13. Pigments • Light absorbing colored molecules called pigments are found in the Thylakoid membrane of chloroplast. • Can have different types of pigments • Mainly chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b

  14. Chlorophyll Pigments • Absorb most strongly in violet-blue region of the visible spectrum • They reflect the light in the green spectrum • Hence why plants are green.

  15. Helper Pigments • Why would plants waste valuable light in the green region? • They WONT! • They have helper pigments called carotenoids that absorb light in the blue-green region of visible light that chlorophyll would reflect.

  16. Carotenoids • Are found in plants like carrots • Color is orange yellow • Responsible for the color of leafs in the fall.

  17. How do we convert light energy to chemical energy? • Electron Transport Chain

  18. Phase I : Review • The initial process of photosynthesis involves light- __________reactions • These reactions occur in the _____________ • This process of taking light energy and converting it to chemical energy is done through the _____________ ______________ _______________.

  19. We will walk slowly through this tomorrow • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj_WKgnL6MI

  20. Exit Ticket 11.19.13 • What is the difference between reflected and absorbed. • Why do green pigments reflect green light? • Why are bot chlorophyll and carotenoids needed for photosynthesis?

  21. Do Now 11.20.13 • Where does phase I of photosynthesis take place? • What type of reaction is this phase?

  22. Electron Transport in Thylakoid

  23. Step 1: Inside Thylakoid • Light energy excites photosystem II. • Light energy causes a water molecule to split and produce an electron • Oxygen is released • Electron enters into Photosystem II

  24. Primary Electron Acceptor • The electron moves from photosystem II to the primary proton acceptor. • As the electron moves hydrogen protons are pumped into the thylakoid space from the stroma. H+

  25. Photosystem I • The electron is passed along electron carriers to photosystem I. • In the presence of light Photosystem I transfers the electron to Ferrodoxin, the last electron acceptor.

  26. Formation of NADPH • At the ferrodoxin electrons are reenergized and NADPH is formed • Electron is released into the stroma.

  27. Proton Build up • The purpose of the chain to this point as been to move the electron through the membrane pumping H+ (protons) into the thylakoid space. • This creates a concentration gradient.

  28. Final Stage: Chemiosmosis Chemiosmosis is the process of producing energy from moving electrons down a concentration gradient AS protons flow out of thylakoid through the ATP synthase enzyme channel ADP is converted to ATP ATP is formed in the stroma H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+

  29. Why chemiosmosis? • Osmosis deals with the flow of water because of a concentration gradient • Chemi stands for chemical • So together chemiosmosis is the chemical flow of water • REMEMBER Phase I of photosynthesis was caused by the splitting of a water molecule. • OXYGEN is given off as a result

  30. Exit Ticket 11.20.13 • Feeling overwhelmed? We will pull out what is truly important tomorrow • What is the function of water in the ETC? • What two energy molecules are formed from one water molecule? • What space of the chloroplast are these energy molecules deposited in?

  31. For better reference look at page 225

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