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Fundamentals of Harmonics

Fundamentals of Harmonics. Overviews. Definitions and Nonlinear Loads Harmonics Power Quantities Harmonic Sequences Triplen Harmonics Harmonics Indices Harmonic Sources Classical Sources and Power Electronics Locating Harmonic Sources Impacts of Harmonics Interharmonics.

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Fundamentals of Harmonics

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  1. Fundamentals of Harmonics

  2. Overviews • Definitions and Nonlinear Loads • Harmonics Power Quantities • Harmonic Sequences • Triplen Harmonics • Harmonics Indices • Harmonic Sources • Classical Sources and Power Electronics • Locating Harmonic Sources • Impacts of Harmonics • Interharmonics

  3. Fundamentals of Nonlinear Loads Fourier representation 1.1 Nonlinear Loads

  4. 1.2 Harmonic Phenomena • Harmonics in voltage and current • CAUSE: Current • Effect: Voltage

  5. Examples of Harmonics I

  6. Examples of Harmonics II

  7. Examples of Harmonics III

  8. Harmonics versus Transients

  9. Power Factor • Consider first a sinusoidal voltage and current

  10. RMS In case of harmonics,

  11. Harmonic Phase Sequences • In a balanced three-phase circuit: • the fundamental defines the positive phase sequence (or rotation) such as ABC or xyz or 321, and the 4th, 7th, 10th, …, are also positive sequence • the 2nd, 5th, 8th, 11th ,…, are negative sequence (eg CBA) • the 3rd, 6th, 9th, …, are zero seq (all in phase)

  12. Triplen harmonics • Harmonic order h values that are multiples of 3 are called triplen harmonics • If the three phase circuit is balanced, the triplen harmonics are all in phase (zero sequence) • triplen harmonic line currents will be additive at the neutral of a wye circuit by KCL (zero triplens if three-wire ungrounded wye or if delta) • triplen harmonic line-line voltages will be zero by KVL

  13. Transformer

  14. Harmonic Indices • Total harmonic distortion = THD

  15. Harmonic Indices • Total demand distortion = TDD

  16. Harmonics Sources • Conventional Sources • Single-phase power supplies • Fluorescent lighting • ASD for HVAC and elevators • Industrial Sources • Power converters • DC and AC drives • Saturable devices

  17. 4.1.1 SMPS

  18. 4.1.2 Fluorescent lighting

  19. Power Converter

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