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Northwest Territory

Northwest Territory. One of the most important accomplishments under the Articles of Confederation Planned to sell land to raise revenue By 1784, a plethora of individuals moved westward Caused problems with Native Americans

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Northwest Territory

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  1. Northwest Territory • One of the most important accomplishments under the Articles of Confederation • Planned to sell land to raise revenue • By 1784, a plethora of individuals moved westward • Caused problems with Native Americans • Federal leaders could not afford to fight wars; decided to regulate settlement

  2. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787

  3. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE • CONFEDERATION: a group of loosely joined, but sovereign states.

  4. Problem: Many states made claims to the western lands (Northwest Territory). Boundaries of the Northwest Territory:Great Lakes (north), Pennsylvania (east), Ohio River (south), Mississippi River (west) THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE

  5. Solution to the Problem: All states agreed to cede (give) their claims to Congress, so Congress can sell the land for the good of the country (confederation). NATIONAL DOMAIN – Public land THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE

  6. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE • LAND ORDINANCE of 1785:Congress’s plan to sell the land of the Northwest Territory. • Rectangular Survey System –carefully surveyed the land into squares to be sold.

  7. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE • Township –the largest division of land. It is thirty-six square miles. Township 6 MILES

  8. Townships

  9. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE • Section –36 sections in a township. It is one square mile or 640 acres. Section

  10. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE • Acre –the smallest division of land. It sold for $1 per acre. The average size farmwas 40 acres. So, it sold for $40. Lions 10 20 30 40 50 40 30 20 10 ACRE

  11. Education– the sale from one section of each township goes to start a school for that township. How much went for education? Answer: $640 THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE

  12. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787this document establishes… • the principles and procedures for the orderly expansion of the United States.

  13. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787 • Statehood: • When the population reaches 5,000 adult males the area can: • Establish an elected assembly • Governor still had absolute veto power

  14. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787 • When the population reaches 60,000 adult males the area can: • can write a state constitution and apply for statehood. • If Congress approves the state Constitution that area will become a state.

  15. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787 Minnesota Ohio (1803) Five states: Indiana (1816) Michigan Wisconsin Illinois (1818) Michigan (1837) Illinois Ohio Wisconsin (1848) Indiana

  16. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787 Rights Guaranteed: • Trial by jury • Public education • Freedom of religion • Prohibition of slavery

  17. Conflicts with Spain and Britain • The Spanish forbid American trade with New Orleans • Relations with Britain deteriorated • They rejected free trade and reverted back to mercantilism • American Congress not strong enough to fight against these policies/violations

  18. Weakness of the Articles of Confederation • Congress could not levy or collect taxes • Congress was powerless to regulate interstate commerce or foreign trade • Each state had only 1 vote in Congress (regardless of size) • 2/3 majority was required to pass laws • Articles could only be amended with the consent of ALL states • No separate executive branch to enforce acts of Congress • No system or federal courts

  19. Shay’s Rebellion • Economic problems in MA and other states • People had too little money; states continued to place high taxes • Farms could be auctioned off and the farmers could be put in jail • Farmers asked for debt relief, Massachusetts Legislature refused.

  20. Shay’s Rebellion

  21. Shay’s Rebellion • Led by Daniel Shays, Revolutionary War Veteran • Marched over 1,000 men to federal arsenal; but were put down • Farmers lost; but gained sympathy throughout country • Convinced many Americans that the country needed a new government • •American leaders hoped that the national issues could be solved by strengthening the national government.

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