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Pathology of Kidney and the Urinary tract

Pathology of Kidney and the Urinary tract. Dr. Amar C. Al-Rikabi Dr. Hala Kassouf Kfoury. Objectives. 1- Introduction to the renal pathology 2- Cystic diseases 3- Acute Kidney Injury 4- Definitions, Types, Clinical Overview, Causes 5- Pathological findings 6- Differential Diagnosis.

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Pathology of Kidney and the Urinary tract

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  1. Pathology of Kidney and the Urinary tract Dr. Amar C. Al-Rikabi Dr. Hala Kassouf Kfoury

  2. Objectives • 1- Introduction to the renal pathology • 2- Cystic diseases • 3- Acute Kidney Injury • 4- Definitions, Types, Clinical Overview, Causes • 5- Pathological findings • 6- Differential Diagnosis

  3. Normal Kidney, Congenital and Cystic Renal Diseases and Acute Renal Failure Lecture -1:

  4. CAPILLARY WALL FOOT PROCESSES GBM MESANGIUM

  5. US BC CL Ep End Ep CL

  6. This paraffin embedded 2µm section illustrates a normal glomerulus with normal vascular pole with minimal periglomerular interstitial fibrosis and surrounding intact tubules

  7. This glomerulus shows only minimal abnormalities by electron microscopy, with rare Vacuoles and blebs in the podocytes.

  8. Bisected kidney shows a less severe form of CRD with multiple cysts and focally a significant degree of disorganization of parenchymal architecture.

  9. Autosomal recessive (infantile) polycystic disease (ARPKD). Elongated streaks represent dilated tubules.

  10. Histology of ADPKD shows a single glomerulus alongside several cysts Cut surface of ADPKD showing variable-size, irregular cysts with no recognizable intervening normal parenchyma. Most cysts contain clear fluid and the pelvis is distorted.

  11. Late stage of ADPKD showing greatly enlarged renal profiles due to innumerable cysts of varying size replacing the renal parenchyma.

  12. Acute kidney injury is a syndrome defined by a sudden loss of renal function over several hours to several days. Mayo Clin Proc. 2001;76:67-74

  13. RPGN (Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis) is a syndrome defined by the rapid loss of renal function over days to weeks due to acute glomerulonephritis.

  14. Etiology of ARF

  15. The Pathophysiology of ARF JASN 1998;9(4):710-718

  16. ACUTE RENAL FAILURE • Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) • Clinically, rapid deterioration in renal function usually, but not always associated with oliguria. • B. Many different kidney diseases may present with acute renal failure although ATN is the most common cause by far. • C. Conditions associated with ATN • 1. Shock2. Sepsis3. Incompatible blood transfusions4. Burns5. Crush injury6. Drugs

  17. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) • Clinicopathological entity • Destruction of tubular epithelial cell • Clin. acute suppression of renal function • (no urine or below 400 ml/24h) • Most common cause of renal failure

  18. ATN : Acute tubular necrosis

  19. Elongated, stretched out, regenerating proximal tubular lining cells encompass the necrotic epithelium. Kidney in acute tubular necrosis (ATN) showing pale, swollen cortex and congested medulla.

  20. Acute Kidney Injury • Conclusion : • 1- Specify the cause of the acute kidney injury

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