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3.2 Geography of the Periodic Table

3.2 Geography of the Periodic Table. Lesson Essential Question:. What information does the periodic table tell me?. Horizontal Row on a periodic table is called a PERIOD . Periods = Rows. All of the elements in a period have the same number of energy levels . .

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3.2 Geography of the Periodic Table

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  1. 3.2Geography of the Periodic Table

  2. Lesson Essential Question: What information does the periodic table tell me?

  3. Horizontal Row on a periodic table is called a PERIOD.

  4. Periods = Rows • All of the elements in a period have the same number of energy levels.

  5. The elements in any group of the periodic table have similar physical and chemical properties! The vertical columns of the periodic table are called GROUPS, or FAMILIES.

  6. Groups = Columns • The elements in a group have the same number of valence electron (except transition metals)

  7. Metals METALS • -Elements to the left of “staircase” (except H) • -Good conductors of heat and electricity. • Malleable • Ductile • Have a luster • Lose electrons becoming positive ions.

  8. All elements touching the staircase (except Al) • Properties of both metals and • nonmetals. • -More brittle than metals but less • brittle than nonmetals. • Semiconductors of electricity. • Lose and gain electrons (some form positive ion some negative) Metalloids

  9. Semiconductor partially conduct electricity ex) metalloids

  10. Nonmetals • Elements to right of staircase and H • -Poor conductors of heat and electricity. • Tend to be brittle. • Many are gaseous at room temperature. • gain e- to form negative ions (except H and noble gases)

  11. HYDROGEN • belongs to a family of its own. • a diatomic, reactive gas • most abudant in universe • nonmetal • 1 v.e. • +1 oxidation charge.

  12. The Alkali Metals • Group 1 Elements: -Lithium-Rubidium -Sodium-Cesium -Potassium-Francium

  13. ALKALI METALS • Very reactive metals (reactivity increases going down group) • Silvery Solids • Low Densities and melting point • light • Soft (think silly putty) • S1Electrons • 1 valence electron • +1 oxidation # (valence charge)

  14. ALKALI METALS

  15. The Alkaline Earth Metals • The Group 2 Elements -Beryllium-Magnesium -Calcium-Strontium -Barium-Radium

  16. ALKALINE EARTH METALS • Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature. (not found free) • harder, Denser & high m.p. than Alkali Metals • 2 v.e. • +2 valence charge (form positive ion)

  17. ALKALINE EARTH METALS

  18. The Boron Family • Group 13 Elements -Boron-Aluminum -Gallium-Indium -Thallium • All are metals except Boron • Aluminum is the most common metal in the Earth’s crust. • 3 v.e. (s2p1) • +3 valence charge (oxidation number)

  19. The Carbon Group • Group 14 Elements -Carbon-Silicon -Germanium -Tin -Lead -nonmetals, metalloids, and metals in group so physical and chemical properties vary. -4 v.e. -s2p2

  20. The Nitrogen Group • Group 15 Elements -Nitrogen-Phosphorus -Arsenic-Antimony -Bismuth -5 v.e. -s2p3

  21. Chalcogens (oxygen group) • Group 16 Elements -Oxygen-Sulfur -Selenium -Tellurium -Polonium • Have six valence electrons. s2p4

  22. Chalcogens

  23. The Halogens • Group 17 Elements -Fluorine-Chlorine -Bromine-Iodine -Astatine • form salts with the alkali metals. • exist in all 3 states • most reactive of nonmetals • In their pure form they are diatomic, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 • 7 v.e. • s2p5

  24. Halogens

  25. The Noble Gases • Group 18 Elements -Helium-Neon -Argon-Krypton -Xenon-Radon -unreactive (inert) -full valence shell (8 v.e.)- except He has 2 v.e. -colorless, odorless -s2p6 (He is s2)

  26. NOBLE GASES – INERT GASES

  27. TRANSITION METALS • Elements in groups 3-12 • Less reactive, harder metals • various v.e. • make up d and f block

  28. Inner Transition Metals

  29. Lanthanides - shiny, metallic transition metals (58 – 71) in which electrons are added to 4f orbitals - located at the bottom of the periodic table for convenience

  30. Actinides • shiny metallic transition metals (90 – 103) in which electrons are added to 5f orbitals • located at the bottom of the periodic table for convenience • radioactive

  31. Periodicity • the recurring trends that are seen in the element properties when arranged on the periodic table • ex) atomic radius, electronegativity

  32. Periodic Law • law stating that many of the physical and chemical properties of the elements tend to recur in a systematic manner with increasing atomic number. • ex) groups

  33. RARE EARTH METALS

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