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The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table. Determining Shells and Valence Electrons. Periods. Each row is called a “period”. The elements in each period have the same number of shells. 1 st Period = 1 Shell. 2 nd Period = 2 Shells. 3 rd Period = 3 Shells. 4 th Period = 4 Shells. www.chem4kids.com. Groups.

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The Periodic Table

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  1. The Periodic Table Determining Shells and Valence Electrons

  2. Periods • Each row is called a “period” • The elements in each period have the same number of shells 1st Period = 1 Shell 2nd Period = 2 Shells 3rd Period = 3 Shells 4th Period = 4 Shells www.chem4kids.com

  3. Groups Group 8 = 8 electrons Group 1 = 1 electron Except for He, it has 2 electrons Group 2 = 2 electrons • Each column is called a “group” 3,4,5,6,7 • Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”. • The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons” www.chem4kids.com

  4. Transition Metals • Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons. • This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry. www.chem4kids.com

  5. Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for: Carbon - C 2nd Period = 2 shells 4th Group = 4 valence electrons www.chem4kids.com

  6. Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for: Sodium - Na 3rd Period = 3 shells 1st Group = 1 valence electron www.chem4kids.com

  7. Write your answers on your handout. Ne Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  8. Write your answers on your handout. Ne Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Neon 2nd Period = 2 shells 8th Group = 8 valence electrons

  9. Write your answers on your handout. H Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  10. Write your answers on your handout. H Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Hydrogen 1st Period = 1 shell 1st Group = 1 valence electron

  11. Write your answers on your handout. Be Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  12. Write your answers on your handout. Be Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Beryllium 2nd Period = 2 shells 2nd Group = 2 valence electrons

  13. Write your answers on your handout. S Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  14. Write your answers on your handout. S Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Sulfur 3rd Period = 3 shells 6th Group = 6 valence electrons

  15. Write your answers on your handout. K Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  16. Write your answers on your handout. K Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Potassium 4th Period = 4 shells 1st Group = 1 valence electron

  17. Write your answers on your handout. He Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ?

  18. Write your answers on your handout. He Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Helium 1st Period = 1 shell 8th Group = 2 valence electrons • Helium is the exception in Group 8. • Since it has just one shell, that shell can only fit 2 electrons instead of 8. • It is in this group because all the elements have a full outer shell.

  19. Be sure to have all your answers on the worksheet. End of Study Guide

  20. The Atom and Periodic Table How to Draw Lewis Structures www.middleschoolscience.com 2008

  21. Lewis Structures • Find your element on the periodic table. • Determine the number of valence electrons. • This is how many electrons you will draw.

  22. Lewis Structures • Find out which group (column) your element is in. • This will tell you the number of valence electrons your element has. • You will only draw the valence electrons. www.chem4kids.com

  23. Groups - Review Group 8 = 8 electrons Group 1 = 1 electron Except for He, it has 2 electrons Group 2 = 2 electrons • Each column is called a “group” 3,4,5,6,7 • Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”. • The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons” www.chem4kids.com

  24. Lewis Structures • Write the element symbol. • Carbon is in the 4th group, so it has 4 valence electrons. • Starting at the right, draw 4 electrons, or dots, counter-clockwise around the element symbol. C

  25. Lewis Structures • Check your work. • Using your periodic table, check that Carbon is in the 4th group. • You should have 4 total electrons, or dots, drawn in for Carbon. C

  26. Lewis Structures On your worksheet, try these elements on your own: • H • P • Ca • Ar • Cl • Al C

  27. Lewis Structures On your worksheet, try these elements on your own: • H • P • Ca • Ar • Cl • Al H

  28. Lewis Structures On your worksheet, try these elements on your own: • H • P • Ca • Ar • Cl • Al P

  29. Lewis Structures On your worksheet, try these elements on your own: • H • P • Ca • Ar • Cl • Al Ca

  30. Lewis Structures On your worksheet, try these elements on your own: • H • P • Ca • Ar • Cl • Al Ar

  31. Lewis Structures On your worksheet, try these elements on your own: • H • P • Ca • Ar • Cl • Al Cl

  32. Lewis Structures On your worksheet, try these elements on your own: • H • P • Ca • Ar • Cl • Al Al

  33. End of Study Guide. Complete the Lewis Structure Worksheet You should know how to draw Lewis Structures for the first 20 elements.

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